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Essentials of Fire Fighting , 5 th Edition

Essentials of Fire Fighting , 5 th Edition. Chapter 9 — Forcible Entry Firefighter I. Chapter 9 Lesson Goal.

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Essentials of Fire Fighting , 5 th Edition

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  1. Essentials of Fire Fighting, 5th Edition Chapter 9 — Forcible Entry Firefighter I

  2. Chapter 9 Lesson Goal • After completing this lesson, the student shall be able to force entry through various types of doors, padlocks, windows, and walls following the policies and procedures set forth by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Firefighter I

  3. Specific Objectives 1. Select appropriate cutting tools for specific applications. 2. Discuss manual and hydraulic prying tools. 3. Discuss pushing/pulling tools and striking tools. (Continued) Firefighter I

  4. Specific Objectives 4. Summarize forcible entry tool safety rules. 5. Describe correct methods for carrying forcible entry tools. 6. Summarize general care and maintenance practices for forcible entry tools. (Continued) Firefighter I

  5. Specific Objectives 7. Explain items to look for in sizing up a door. 8. Describe the characteristics of various types of wooden swinging doors. 9. Describe the characteristics of various types of metal swinging doors. (Continued) Firefighter I

  6. Specific Objectives 10. Describe the characteristics of various types of sliding doors, revolving doors, and overhead doors. 11. Explain how fire doors operate. 12. Describe the characteristics of basic types of locks. (Continued) Firefighter I

  7. Specific Objectives 13. Describe rapid-entry lockbox systems. 14. Describe methods of forcible entry through doors. 15. Describe methods of through-the-lock forcible entry for doors. (Continued) Firefighter I

  8. Specific Objectives 16. Explain action that can be taken to force entry involving padlocks. 17. Describe ways of gaining entry through gates and fences. 18. List hazards in forcing windows. (Continued) Firefighter I

  9. Specific Objectives 19. Describe types of windows and entry techniques. 20. Describe techniques for breaching walls. 21. Describe techniques for breaching floors. (Continued) Firefighter I

  10. Specific Objectives 22. Clean, inspect, and maintain hand tools and equipment. (Skill Sheet 9-I-1) 23. Clean, inspect, and maintain power tools and equipment. (Skill Sheet 9-I-2) 24. Force entry through an inward-swinging door — Two-firefighter method. (Skill Sheet 9-I-3) (Continued) Firefighter I

  11. Specific Objectives 25. Force entry through an outward-swinging door — Wedge-end method. (Skill Sheet 9-I-4) 26. Force entry using the through-the-lock method. (Skill Sheet 9-I-5) (Continued) Firefighter I

  12. Specific Objectives 27. Force entry using the through-the-lock method using the K-tool. (Skill Sheet 9-I-6) 28. Force entry using the through-the-lock method using the A-tool. (Skill Sheet 9-I-7) (Continued) Firefighter I

  13. Specific Objectives 29. Force entry through padlocks. (Skill Sheet 9-I-8) 30. Force entry through a double-hung window. (Skill Sheet 9-I-9) 31. Force entry through a window (glass pane). (Skill Sheet 9-I-10) (Continued) Firefighter I

  14. Specific Objectives 32. Force a Lexan® window. (Skill Sheet 9-I-11) 33. Force entry through a wood-framed wall (Type V Construction) with hand tools. (Skill Sheet 9-I-12) (Continued) Firefighter I

  15. Specific Objectives 34. Force entry through a masonry wall with hand tools. (Skill Sheet 9-I-13) 35. Force entry through a metal wall with power tools. (Skill Sheet 9-I-14) 36. Breach a hardwood floor. (Skill Sheet 9-I-15) Firefighter I

  16. Cutting Tools • Manually operated/powered • Often specific to types of materials they cut • No single tool safely/efficiently cuts all materials • Using tool on materials for which it is not designed can cause problems Firefighter I

  17. Axes • Most common types of cutting tools • Two basic types • Pick-head • Flat-head • Smaller axes and hatchets Firefighter I

  18. Pick-Head Axe • Available with 6-pound or 8-pound (2.7 or 3.6 kg) head • Used for cutting, prying, digging • Handle either wood or fiberglass • Effective for chopping through variety of materials (Continued) Firefighter I

  19. Pick-Head Axe • Pick end can be used to penetrate materials that resist being cut by blade • Blade can be used as striking tool • Most often used in structural fire fighting operations Firefighter I

  20. Flat-Head Axe • Available in 6-pound or 8-pound (2.7 or 3.6 kg) head weights • Wooden or fiberglass handle • Used to chop through same materials as pick-head axe • Blade can be used for same purposes as pick-head axe (Continued) Firefighter I

  21. Flat-Head Axe • Used in conjunction with other tools to force entry • Commonly carried with Halligan bar; set known as “irons” • Used in both structural and wildland fire fighting operations Firefighter I

  22. Metal Cutting Devices • Bolt cutters • Used in forcible entry in a variety of ways • Advancement in security technology has limited use (Continued) Firefighter I

  23. Metal Cutting Devices • Rebar cutters • Powered version • Manual version • Used to cut rebar when breaching concrete • Used to cut security bars on windows/doors (Continued) Firefighter I

  24. Metal Cutting Devices • Oxyacetylene cutting torches • Hand-carried and wheeled units • Cut through heavy metal components • Generate flame temperature more than 5,700ºF (3 149ºC) • Cut through iron, steel with ease • Use diminishing in fire service (Continued) Firefighter I

  25. Metal Cutting Devices • Oxygasoline cutting torches • Relatively new system • Conventional cutting torch, dual-hose • Produce cutting flame in range of 2,800ºF (1 538ºC) • Fully functional under water • Advantages (Continued) Firefighter I

  26. Metal Cutting Devices • Burning bars • Exothermic cutting rods • Ultra-high temperature cutting device, capable of cutting virtually any metallic, nonmetallic, or composite material • Cut through concrete or masonry • Cut through metals much faster • Temperatures above 10,000ºF (5 538ºC) (Continued) Firefighter I

  27. Metal Cutting Devices • Plasma arc cutters • Ultrahigh-temperature metal-cutting devices with temperatures as high as 25,000ºF (13 871ºC) • Require power supply, one of several compressed gases (Continued) Firefighter I

  28. Metal Cutting Devices • Exothermic cutting flares • Used for cutting metal or concrete • Size/shape of fusees or highway flares • Produce 6,800ºF (3 760ºC) flame lasting 15 seconds to two minutes • Advantages Courtesy of Pyrotechnic Tool Co. (Continued) Firefighter I

  29. Metal Cutting Devices • Handsaws • May be needed when power saw unavailable • Include carpenter’s handsaw, keyhole saw, hacksaw, drywall saw • Extremely slow in comparison to power saws (Continued) Firefighter I

  30. Metal Cutting Devices • Power saws • Most useful tools in fire service • Types include circular, rotary, reciprocating, chain, ventilation saws • Many able to run on AC and DC power • Safety issues (Continued) Firefighter I

  31. Metal Cutting Devices • Circular saws • Useful when electrical power readily available and heavier, bulkier saws too difficult to handle • Small battery-powered units available (Continued) Firefighter I

  32. Metal Cutting Devices • Rotary saws • Usually gasoline powered with changeable blades • Different blades available based on material (Continued) Firefighter I

  33. Metal Cutting Devices • Reciprocating saw • Blade moves in/out similar to handsaw • Variety of blades • When equipped with metal-cutting blade, ideal for cutting sheet metal, structural components on vehicles • Battery-powered available (Continued) Firefighter I

  34. Metal Cutting Devices • Chain saw • Used for years by logging industry • Useful during natural disasters • Commonly used as ventilation tool Firefighter I

  35. Prying Tools • Useful for opening doors, windows, locks, and moving heavy objects • Manually operated types use principle of lever and fulcrum • Hydraulic can be powered or manual Firefighter I

  36. Manual Prying Tools • Some can be used as striking tools; most cannot • Use only for intended purpose for safe and efficient operation Firefighter I

  37. Hydraulic Prying Tools • Effective in extrication rescues • Useful in forcible entry situations • Useful for prying, pushing, pulling • Rescue tools, hydraulic door opener • Hydraulic spreader • Hydraulic ram • Hydraulic door opener Firefighter I

  38. Pushing/Pulling Tools • Limited use in forcible entry • Tools of choice when breaking glass, opening walls or ceilings • Includes variety of tools • Pike poles, hooks give reach advantage (Continued) Firefighter I

  39. Pushing/Pulling Tools • When using a pike pole to break a window, a firefighter should stay upwind of window and higher than window (Continued) Firefighter I

  40. Pushing/Pulling Tools • Except for roofman’s hook, pike poles and hooks should not be used for prying • Pike pole’s strength is pushing or pulling Firefighter I

  41. Striking Tools • Examples • Sometimes only tool required • In forcible entry, used with another tool • Dangerous when improperly used, carried, or maintained Firefighter I

  42. Tool Use • No single forcible entry tool provides a firefighter with needed force/leverage to handle all forcible entry situations • Firefighters may have to combine two or more tools to accomplish task (Continued) Firefighter I

  43. Tool Use • Types of combinations carried vary • Most important consideration is selecting proper tools for job • Preincident surveys help determine necessary tools Firefighter I

  44. Forcible Entry Tool Considerations • Become familiar with all tools used • Read/follow manufacturers’ guidelines • Use extreme caution in atmospheres that could be explosive • Keep tools in properly designated places on apparatus Firefighter I

  45. Prying Tool Safety • Using incorrectly can cause serious injury or damage the tool • If job cannot be done with tool, do not strike handle of tool; use larger tool • Do not use prying tool as striking tool unless designed for purpose Firefighter I

  46. DISCUSSION QUESTION Why it is important to use tools correctly and only for the purpose for which they were designed? Firefighter I

  47. Rotary Saw Safety • Use with extreme care • Blades from different manufacturers may look alike but not be interchangeable • Twisting caused by spinning blade a hazard (Continued) Firefighter I

  48. Rotary Saw Safety • Start all cuts at full rpm • Store blades in clean, dry environment • Do not store composite blades in compartment where gasoline fumes accumulate Firefighter I

  49. Other Power Saw Safety • Match saw to task and material • Never force saw beyond design limitations • Wear proper PPE • Fully inspect saw before/after use (Continued) Firefighter I

  50. Other Power Saw Safety • Do not use when working in flammable atmosphere • Maintain situational awareness • Keep unprotected/nonessential people out of work area (Continued) Firefighter I

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