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Classifying Chemical Reactions (Section 8-3)

In this section, we delve into the classification of chemical reactions, guiding you through the identification of reaction types from chemical equations, predicting products based on reactants, and utilizing the Activity Series and Solubility Rules. Explore decomposition reactions where one reactant breaks down into simpler products, synthesis reactions forming a single product from multiple reactants, and displacement reactions where elements exchange partners. Understand the dynamics of double displacement reactions and the formation of precipitates.

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Classifying Chemical Reactions (Section 8-3)

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  1. Classifying Chemical Reactions(Section 8-3) Following this section you should be able to: • Identify a reaction type from a chemical equation. • Predict the products of a chemical reaction when given the reactants. • Use the Activity Series to determine whether or not a displacement reaction will occur as written. • Use Solubility Rules to identify the solid precipitate produced in a precipitation type double-displacement reaction.

  2. Decomposition AB  A + B CuCO3 (s) CuO + CO2 (g) 2 H2O (l)  2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) two or more simpler products only one reactant

  3. two elements or two simple compounds Synthesis AKA: Combination one product A + B  AB 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s) CO2 (g) + H2O (l)  H2CO3 (aq)

  4. oxygen gas plus a hydrocarbon (a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen; may also contain oxygen) CxH2y + (2x+y) O2xCO2 + yH2O Combustion CO2 + H2O 2C4H10 + 13O2  8CO2 + 10H2O

  5. Displacement AKA: Single Displacement Single Replacement Cation Displacement: A + BX  AX + B Anion Displacement: AX + Y  AY + X • Like displaces like: • a metal displaces the metal ion in a compound • a nonmetal displaces the nonmetal ion in a compound • Refer to Activity Series! Cation Displacement: Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)  2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Anion Displacement: Cl2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq)  2 NaCl (aq) + Br2 (l) an element and a compound other than a hydrocarbon

  6. The cations ‘switch partners’ and one of the new combinations forms an insoluble salt (precipitate). Refer to Solubility Rules! two ionic compounds in aqueous solution Double Displacement: Precipitation AB + CD  CB + AD Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq)  PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)

  7. an acid (formula begins with H-, or ends in –COOH) combines with a base (a metal hydroxide) HCl + NaOH HOH (l) + NaCl (aq) CH3COOH + NaOH HOH (l) + NaCH3COO HA + MOH  HOH + MA Double Displacement: Acid/Base water + a salt

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