1 / 14

Naming Chemical Compounds

Naming Chemical Compounds. I Know Who You Are. To Name a Chemical Compound Means You Ask the Following Questions. Is the compound ionic or covalent? Is the ionic compound an acid or not? Is the non-acidic ionic compound binary or polyatomic? Rules for

gizi
Télécharger la présentation

Naming Chemical Compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Naming Chemical Compounds I Know Who You Are

  2. To Name a Chemical Compound Means You Ask the Following Questions • Is the compound ionic or covalent? • Is the ionic compound an acid or not? • Is the non-acidic ionic compound binary or polyatomic? • Rules for • Ionic binary - Ionic polyatomic • Acids - Covalent

  3. How do you know if it’s ionic or covalent? • The periodic table can be divided into two portions: metals and non-metals • Metals to the left; non-metals to right • Ionic compounds have metals and non-metals • Covalent compounds have only non-metals • Ionics have positive and negative ions

  4. If it is ionic- has a metal and a non-metal- is it binary or polyatomic? • Binary ionic compounds contain only two different kinds of elements- one metal and one non-metal • Examples: NaCl, KI, AlBr3, Cr2O3 • Polyatomic ionic compounds contain three or more kinds of elements- usually one metal and a group of non-metals • Examples: Na2SO4, (NH4)3PO4, KClO3 • The method of naming is similar with subtle differences

  5. Soooooo….what’s an acid? • Acids are a category of chemicals that have a certain set of chemical properties • pH < 7 • Corrosive • Reacts with metal • Sour taste • Produce H+1 when dissolved in water • We’ll identify them as ionic compounds containing an H+1 ion as the metal

  6. Naming Flow Chart

  7. Rules for Binary Ionic Compounds • Name the metal ion from the chart • Watch for these five metals which have two common charges: Cu, Fe, Sn, Pb, Hg • These must be named to specify which charge • Use either Roman numerals in parenthesis to show charge or • Old Latin names with –ous ending for lower charge or –ic ending for higher charge • Latin names: Cu= cuprum, Fe= ferrum, Sn= stannum Pb = plumbum, Hg = mercur • Name the non-metal from chart but change the ending to -ide

  8. Examples of Binary Ionic Compounds • NaCl  Na is sodium Cl is chlorine so we name it sodium chloride • AlBr3  Al is aluminum Br is bromine so we call it aluminum bromide (the 3 is not named) • Cr2O3  Cr is chromium and O is oxygen so we name it chromium oxide

  9. An example of the 5 special metals • PbI2 Pb is lead. Lead can have two charges (+2 and +4). We must specify which lead it is. • To determine the form we look at the other ion, iodide • Iodide has a -1 charge. There are 2 iodides. So, the total is 2 x (-1) = -2 • The lead must balance this charge so it is the +2 form • +2 is the charge of lead which is the lower charge • Use either a Roman numeral two (II) or the –ous ending • So, it is either lead (II) iodide or plumbous iodide

  10. Rules for Polyatomic Ionics • Identify the group that acts as a single unit. This is called the polyatomic ion. • Name the positive “side” or metal portion • Watch for the same 5 metals as before • Only one polyatomic “metal” exists- NH4+1 • Name the non-metal or negative “side” using the oxidation/charge sheet • The names generally end with –ite or –ate

  11. Examples of Polyatomics • NaHCO3 We identify HCO3-1 as the polyatomic group. Na is sodium; the polyatomic group is bicarbonate. The name is sodium bicarbonate. • Ca(OH)2  The group in parenthesis is the polyatomic ion. It is hydroxide. Ca is calcium; the polyatomic group is hydroxide. The name is calcium hydroxide.

  12. A “5 metal” example • Fe2(SO3)3 SO3-2 is the polyatomic group. Fe is iron but it has multiple possible charges. The type must be specified. To determine the form of iron we look at the charge of SO3  -2. Three SO3-2 would have a 3x(-2) = -6 charge. The iron must balance this. There are two irons so 2 Fe = +6. Fe is +3 • +3 is the high charge for iron: SO3-2 is sulfite • The name is either iron (III) sulfite or ferric sulfite

  13. Rules for Acids • Acids have H+1 as the metal portion • Separate H+1 from the rest of the molecule • Determine the name of the non-metal • If… • The ion ends with –ide name acid as hydro___ic acid • The ion ends with –ite name acid as ___ous aicd • The ion ends with –ate name acid as ___ic acid • Acid means “H+1” ion as metal.

  14. Acid Examples • HCl  Cl is the non-metal. It would be named chloride. An –ide ending means name the acid as hydrochloric acid. • HNO2  NO2-1 is the non-metal. It is named nitrite. An –ite ending means we name the acid as nitrous acid. • H3PO4  PO4-3 is the non-metal. It would be named phosphate. An –ate ending means we name the acid as phosphoric acid.

More Related