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Acceleration, Force, & Motion

Acceleration, Force, & Motion. I. Describing Motion. A. Speed-. 1. how fast an object moves from one place to another in a specific time. 2. measured in m/s. average speed = total distance total time Or v = d t. B. Velocity-.

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Acceleration, Force, & Motion

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  1. Acceleration, Force, & Motion

  2. I. Describing Motion

  3. A. Speed- 1. how fast an object moves from one place to another in a specific time. 2. measured in m/s. average speed = total distance total time Or v = d t

  4. B. Velocity- • speed of an object in a particular direction 2. measured in m/s

  5. C. Acceleration- 1. The rate at which velocity 2. a= (vf - vi) t 3. Slowing down is negative acceleration or “deceleration”. 4. Acceleration is measured in m/s2.

  6. D. Momentum- • mass multiplied by velocity • or M = m x v • 2. The bigger an object is, the more momentum it has.

  7. II. Forces and Motion

  8. A. Force- a. Push or pull that causes motion b. Measured in newtons (N) c. If forces are balanced, then there is no motion.

  9. B. Friction • force that opposes motion between 2 surfaces. • friction depends on: a. how hard the surfaces are pushed together. b. the surface material c. the surface smoothness

  10. 4. air resistance- friction that occurs between air and a solid surface.

  11. 5. drag- friction that occurs between an object and a liquid..

  12. C. Gravity- 1. Law of Universal Gravitation- a. All objects with mass attract each other. b. More mass =more gravity c. The closer objects are, the greater the force of gravity.

  13. III. Predicting & Explaining Motion

  14. Sir Issac Newton (1642-1727)

  15. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion (“Law of Inertia”)- • Objects at rest stay at rest, unless a force makes them move. 2. Objects in motion remain in motion unless a force stops them. 3. Inertia-resistance an object has to a change in velocity

  16. B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion (“Law of Constant Acceleration”)- F = m x a (mass) X (acceleration)

  17. C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion (Law of Conservation of Momentum”- 1. For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. 2. These reactions are forces called action and reaction forces. 3. Conservation of Momentum-momentum can be transferred from one object to another, but it cannot change in total amount.

  18. E. Falling Objects

  19. Galileo Galilei 1564 - 1642 1. The force on a falling object is Earth’s gravity. 2. In a vacuum, all objects near the surface of the Earth fall at the rate of 9.8 m/s2.

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