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Manifest Destiny was the 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean. Key events include territorial acquisitions such as Louisiana, Florida, Oregon, and Texas, along with the contentious annexation debates. During Tyler's presidency, Texas was annexed, despite strong opposition. Under Polk, the U.S. engaged in the Mexican-American War, fueled by issues such as American settlers’ safety and territorial disputes. The war culminated in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and set the stage for the California Gold Rush, impacting numerous communities and raising questions around slavery's expansion.
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Manifest Destiny “Go West young man” John Soule or Horace Greeley
Manifest Destiny – idea that the US was destined to expand to the Pacific Ocean. 1. Louisiana 2. Florida 3. Oregon Country – by 1840s Oregon Fever 4. Texas – fought for independence from Mexico. (4. Cont) Texas wanted to be annexed by the US but Jackson & Van Buren said no. B. Led to Sectionalism mostly because of slavery issue. I. Westward Expansion
II. Tyler’s Administration 1841 - 1845 • Tyler chosen as VP only to get votes – not a true Whig. • Tyler vetoed most of Whig programs all of his Cabinet resigned in protest. • 1st impeachment attempt failed. • Before he left office he annexed Texas!
III. Polk’s Administration1845 - 1849 • Election of 1844 1. Whig – Clay 2. Democrat – Polk – strong Jacksonian (54 40’ or fight) 3. Liberty Party – Birney B. Oregon Treaty 1846 – US – Canada border set at latitude 49.
IV. The Mexican-American War • Causes 1. American settlers 2. California coast – valuable for trade 3. Mexico’s frequent revolutions – unable to protect American settlers 4. Mexico considered annexation of Texas a hostile act 5. Southern boundary dispute – Rio Grande or Nueces River 6. Propaganda
US tried to buy Southern Texas and California for $30 million • Polk sent troops to Texas with Zachary Taylor – April 5th 1846 “American blood spilled on American soil” • Congress declared War in May 1846.
Mexican American War (cont.) • American’s were divided • 3 pronged strategy • To California • Navy along coast to Mexico • Overland to Mexico • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848. Paid $15 million for Mexican Cession. • Question of slavery remained.
What happens next??? Hint - 1849 Another hint – my favorite football team
V. The California Gold Rush • Gold found at Sutter’s Mill (1848) • 250,000 people migrate to California • Discrimination against Californios, Native Americans, Chinese and others • California becomes a state in 1850