1 / 25

Cell membrane : receives messages from other cells

Cell membrane : receives messages from other cells Separates interior material from outside environment Selectively permeable (only certain things can move in an out). A phospholipid is a molecule composed of three basic parts: A charged phosphate group Glycerol two fatty acid chains.

glenys
Télécharger la présentation

Cell membrane : receives messages from other cells

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell membrane: receives messages from other cells • Separates interior material from outside environment • Selectively permeable (only certain things can move in an out)

  2. A phospholipid is a molecule composed of three basic parts: • A charged phosphate group • Glycerol • two fatty acid chains

  3. Head • The head is polar • interacts with water • Hydrophilic • Attracted to water • The tail is non-polar • repelled by water • hydrophobic • Attracted to other tails Tail

  4. carbohydrate chain protein cell membrane cholesterol protein protein channel *Phospholipids arrange themselves like a sandwich into two layers. • Contain: • Proteins • Cholesterol • Carbohydrates

  5. carbohydrate chain protein cholesterol protein protein channel

  6. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. *Draw a picture on the bottom of pg. 30 Some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot.

  7. Homologous Chromosomes • Homologous chromosomes are very similar to one another • Carry the same genes • One from Mom • One from Dad

  8. Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity. • Crossing over is the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes. • occurs during prophase I of meiosis I • results in new combinations of genes

  9. Meiosis has 2 cell divisions • Results in 4 unique haploid cells 1 2

  10. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • You have two types of specialized cells: Somatic cells andGerm cells Will become…

  11. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • Germ cells- are the cells in your reproductive organs • located in the ovaries and testes • Develop into gametes

  12. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • Gametes are sex cells: egg and sperm • Both have DNA that can be passed to offspring. Egg Sperm

  13. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • Gametes are Haploid (n) cells have one copy of every chromosome. • Have 22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome = 23 chromosomes each 23 23

  14. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • Undergo meiosis • Cells in reproductive organs (ovaries/testies) • Become gametes (sperm/eggs) • Haploid • 23 chromosomes • Each are Unique • Undergo mitosis • body cells • Diploid • 46 chromosomes • Identical to parent cell • You have two types of specialized cells: Somatic cells Germ cells

  15. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • You have two types of chromosomes: Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes

  16. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • Chromosome pairs 1-22 are called autosomes • Contain genes not directly related to your gender

  17. 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis • Pair #23=Sex chromosomes: X and Y • determine gender • Control the development of sexual characteristics XX= female XY= male XX XY

  18. 6.3 Mendel and Heredity • Mendel observed patterns in the first and second generations of his crosses.

  19. purple white 6.3 Mendel and Heredity • Mendel drew three important conclusions from his observations and experiments with pea plants • Traits are inherited as discrete units/ individually. (genes) • LAW OF SEGREGATION • 2. Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent. • 3. The two copies separate during gamete formation (Meiosis). Parent 1 Parent 2

  20. Experiments with dihybrid crosses (2 traits) led to Mendel’s second law, the law of independent assortment. • The law of independent assortment states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis. • Ex: • Hair color is inherited separately from eye color • Pea color is inherited separately from pea shape • Hair line inherited separately from earlobes

  21. hydrogen bond covalent bond 8.2 Structure of DNA Please draw and label a strand of DNA: 1. Phosphate 2. Deoxyribose sugar 3. Nitrogen bases: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine 4. Backbone Pg. 62 in INB Pg. 230-233 in book

  22. Please answer the following genetics questions using a punnett square: 1. Let's say that in seals, the gene for the length of the whiskers has two alleles. The dominant allele (W) codes long whiskers & the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers. a) What percentage of offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered seals, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous? Genotype? Phenotype?b) If one parent seal is pure long-whiskered and the other is short-whiskered, what percent of offspring would have short whiskers? Genotype? Phenotype? 2. A green-leafed luboplant is crossed with a luboplant with yellow-striped leaves. The cross produces 185 green-leafed luboplants. Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the offspring that would be produced by crossing two of the green-leafed luboplants obtained from the initial parent plants. 3. In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and no horns is recessive. Draw a Punnet Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid for horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the possible offspring.

  23. Please complete the translation/transcription comparison of primates: Transcription: DNA-----------RNA (ATCG) (AUCG) Practice:DNA:GAG AAA GTA CGT AGT CCA RNA: CUC UUU CAU GCA UCA GGU Translation: mRNA-----------Proteins (AUCG) (polypeptide chain- amino acids) Practice:RNA: CUC UUU CAU GCA UCA GGU Amino Acid: Leu Phe His Arg Leu Gly Chart on Pg. 244 in book

More Related