Chapter 5 – Networking Media

1. Chapter 5 – Networking Media • 5.1 Copper Media & Optical Media • 5.2 Wireless • 5.5 Peer To Peer & Client/Server Network Setup

2. Unguided Media 3 (three) types of unguided media (media yang tidak terpandu) • Microwave • Infrared • Wireless • Radio Frequency • Notes:Guided Media(media yang tidak terpandu) such as Twisted Pair,fiber optic,coaxial cable.

3. Single Mode cable • Single Mode cable is a single stand of glass fiber with a diameter of 8.3 to 10 microns that has one mode of transmission.  Single Mode Fiber with a relatively narrow diameter, through which only one mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm. Carries higher bandwidth than multimode fiber, but requires a light source with a narrow spectral width. Synonyms mono-mode optical fiber, single-mode fiber, single-mode optical waveguide, uni-mode fiber. • Single-mode fiber gives you a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core than multimode. The small core and single light-wave virtually eliminate any distortion that could result from overlapping light pulses, providing the least signal attenuation and the highest transmission speeds of any fiber cable type.Single-mode optical fiber is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest typically 1300 to 1320nm.

4. Multimode cable • Multimode cable is made of of glass fibers, with a common diameters in the 50-to-100 micron range for the light carry component (the most common size is 62.5).  POF is a newer plastic-based cable which promises performance similar to glass cable on very short runs, but at a lower cost. • Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds over medium distances. Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths, or modes, as they travel through the cable's core typically 850 or 1300nm. Typical multimode fiber core diameters are 50, 62.5, and 100 micrometers. However, in long cable runs (greater than 3000 feet [914.4 ml), multiple paths of light can cause signal distortion at the receiving end, resulting in an unclear and incomplete data transmission.

5. Benefits & drawbacks of Single-mode fiber over Multi-mode fiber (cable). • Single-mode fiber (cable) gives you a higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. • Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core than multimode. • The small core and single light-wave virtually eliminate any distortion that could result from overlapping light pulses, providing the least signal attenuation and the highest transmission speeds of any fiber cable type.  

6. Loose-Tube CableIn a loose-tube cable design, color-coded plastic buffer tubes house and protect optical fibers. A gel filling compound impedes water penetration. Excess fiber length (relative to buffer tube length) insulates fibers from stresses of installation and environmental loading. Buffer tubes are stranded around a dielectric or steel central member, which serves as an anti-buckling element. • The cable core, typically uses aramid yarn, as the primary tensile strength member. The outer polyethylene jacket is extruded over the core. If armoring is required, a corrugated steel tape is formed around a single jacketed cable with an additional jacket extruded over the armor. • Loose-tube cables typically are used for outside-plant installation in aerial, duct and direct-buried applications.

7. Tight-bufferedcableWith tight-buffered cable designs, the buffering material is in direct contact with the fiber. This design is suited for "jumper cables" which connect outside plant cables to terminal equipment, and also for linking various devices in a premises network. • Multi-fiber, tight-buffered cables often are used for intra-building, risers, general building and plenum applications. • The tight-buffered design provides a rugged cable structure to protect individual fibers during handling, routing and connectorization. Yarn strength members keep the tensile load away from the fiber. • As with loose-tube cables, optical specifications for tight-buffered cables also should include the maximum performance of all fibers over the operating temperature range and life of the cable. Averages should not be acceptable.Insert contents.

8. Wireless Wireless was an old-fashioned term for a radio receiver, referring to its use as a wireless telegraph. The term is widely used to describe modern wireless connections such as wireless broadband internet.  In modern usage, the term refers to communication without cables or cords, chiefly using radio frequency and infrared waves. Common uses include the various communications defined by the IrDA and the wireless networking of computers. Low-powered radio waves, such as those used in networking to transmit data between devices, are often unregulated. High powered transmission sources usually require government licenses to broadcast on a specific wavelength. The wireless platform has historically carried voice and has grown into a large industry, carrying many thousands of broadcasts around the world

9. A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network that uses radio waves as its carrier: the last link with the users is wireless, to give a network connection to all users in the surrounding area. Areas may range from a single room to an entire campus. The backbone network usually uses cables, with one or more wireless access points connecting the wireless users to the wired network. Mobile computing is a growing technology that provides almost unlimited range for traveling computers by using satellite and cellular phone networks to relay the signal to a home network. Mobile computing typically is used with portable PCs or personal digital assistant (PDA) devices.

10. WLAN devices & topologies. • Access PointThis piece of hardware acts as a bridge between the wired network and wireless devices. It allows multiple devices to connect through it to gain access to the network. An AP can also act as a router; a means by which the data transmission can be extended and passed from one access point to another. 

11. WLAN devices & topologies. • Wireless Network CardA wireless network card is required on each device on a wireless network. A laptop usually has an expansion (PCMCIA) slot which the network card would fit in to. A desktop computer would need an internal card – which will usually have a small antenna or an external antenna on it. These antennas are optional on most equipment and they help to increase the signal on the card

12. WLAN devices & topologies. • InfrastructureAlso referred to as a “hosted” or “managed” wireless network – it consists of one or more access points (know as gateways or wireless routers) being connected to an existed network. This will allow wireless devices to make use of resources on the network such as printers and the Internet.

13. WLAN devices & topologies. • Ad-HocAlso referred to as an “unmanaged” or “peer to peer” wireless network – it consists of each device connecting directly to each other. This will allow someone sitting outside in the garden with a laptop to communicate with his desktop computer in the house and access the Internet, for example.

14. The four most common LAN wireless transmission methods are as follows: • Infrared • Laser • Narrow-band radio • Spread-spectrum radio

15. Install & configure Peer-to-Peer network setup-2pc. Adding the TCP/IP Protocol Stack(If it is not there already) • 1.Given how much the Internet is being used the last few years, I just recommend having TCP/IP as the only protocol stack. • 2.Open the Control Panel • 3.Double-click on the Network icon • 4.From your network adapter detection in previous table, you should see something like the Client for Microsoft Networks, Client for Netware, your Network Adapter, IPX and NetBEUI already installed. There may or may not be IPX and NetBEUI. Just depends on what changes have been made. • 5.If you want to add TCP/IP, click on the Add button. • 6.Click on Protocol • 7.Click on Microsoft • 8.Click on TCP/IP • 9.Then delete IPX and NetBEUI10.Other than the adapter(s), it should look pretty much like the following screenshot. Peer To Peer & Client/Server Network Setup

17. Configuring the TCP/IP ProtocolIP Address • 1.Click on TCP/IP • 2.Select IP Address: • 3.If you have a DHCP serviced subnet, select Obtain an IP Address Automatically • 4.If not, enter your IP address, Subnet Mask, DNS and Gateway IP address information.

19. Configuring the Network • 1.Under Control Panel / Network / Identification make sure each Computer has a unique name. • 2.Make sure that the Workgroup name is the same for all computers. • 3.Do not have any spaces in either the Computer or Workgroup names. Keep them simple. • 4.Select different IP address for each computer. Use the same subnet mask. If you are connecting to the Internet, enter in the Gateway and DNS IP addresses. • 5.Click on the File and Print Sharing button and check off whether you want share Files or Printers.