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History of the English Language

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glynis
17 diapositives · 690 Views · Jul 31, 2014

History of the English Language. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion and the Norman Invasion of the British Isles. English Begins. The first English arose about 1500 years ago when the British Isles were invaded by Germanic tribes. We would consider these tribes to be Vikings today.

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History of the English Language
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  1. History of the English Language The Anglo-Saxon Invasion and the Norman Invasion of the British Isles.

  2. English Begins • The first English arose about 1500 years ago when the British Isles were invaded by Germanic tribes. • We would consider these tribes to be Vikings today.

  3. These Viking/Germanic people came from 3 different areas: Saxon, Angle and Jute. • The languages of these bands (Anglos, Saxons and Jutes) were sort of similar, so they were blended with language of the native people of the British Isles (they spoke a crude form of Gaelic) to form what was called Old English

  4. Old English, however, sounded differently depending on where you went in England, based on which tribe (the Jutes, Anglos, or Saxons) settled the area. • The sounds of this language were hard and crude, with sounds made deep in your throat. • See map next

  5. What did they add? • These Germanic languages added new root words, prefixes, and suffixes to help form a new language Students receive handouts to tape/staple into notes.

  6. Did it sound and look like English? Do you recognize this famous text? Fæder ure, ðu ðe eart on heofenum, si ðin nama gehalgod; to-becume ðin rice; geweorþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofenum. Urne ge dæghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deag, and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgifaþ urum gyltendum, ane ne gelæde ðu us on costnunge, ac alys us of yfle. PodOmatic Player

  7. But… • So then what happened, because that’s not what English sounds like today? • Another INVASION!!

  8. Norman (Romance language—Latin) influence on the development of the English language • In 1066 (about 500 years after the Germanic invasion), England was invaded once again because the King, Edward, died without leaving a suitable heir to the throne (his son was too young) • Three individuals wanted to fight for control over England and to be its new King: 1. Harold Godwinson(brother-in-law to King Edward and Earl of Wessex (an area of England)) 2. William the Conquerer(Duke of Normandy, France) 3. HaraldHadrada(the King of Norway).

  9. HaraldHadrada(from Norway) and most of his troops are killed quickly in battle with King Harold Godwinson (from England) in northern England. • The weakened troops of King Harold then have to rush to the south of England and cannot stave off the attacks of William’s (from France) healthy soldiers • William the Conquerer eventually wins.

  10. William the Conqueror wins… Middle English evolves, which contains many French words, and utilizes affixes from Latin. Words were more smooth and flowing than they were in Old English. Students tape/staple prefixes/suffixes/roots added to language from Norman influence.

  11. Middle English sights and sounds Whan that Aprill with his shoures sooteThe droghte of March hath perced to the roote,And bathed every veyne in swich licourOf which vertu engendred is the flour;Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breethInspired hath in every holt and heethThe tendre croppes, and the yonge sonneHath in the Ram his halve cours yronne,And smale foweles maken melodye,That slepen al the nyght with open ye(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes,To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes;And specially from every shires endeOf Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,The hooly blisful martir for to seke,That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.Canterbury Tales--Prologue--Middle English

  12. Modern English • Modern English begins in the 15th century (1400s) when the Great Vowel Shift occurs • In the GVS, this means that words such as date were pronounced ‘daht’ in Middle English were pronounced dayt in Modern English. • Boot in Middle Eng. was pronunced like boat, but shifted to the modern pronunciation, boot. • Feet in Middle Eng was pronounced fate, but changed to feet.

  13. Modern English, cont. • For the next 700 years, Modern English develops as: • Silent “e” is utilized • New words are added from different languages around the world • First dictionary created in 1775 • Industry and technology revelations created a need for new words (i.e. internet)