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Syllable Structure, Phonotactics, and Stress

Four Melanau Dialects. Syllable Structure, Phonotactics, and Stress. Preliminary phonotactic generali-zations re: Hmwk#1 (perfect match data). CVCVC predominates CC virtually absent VV relatively frequent. Generalization about CVCVC data: Stress is word-final. Data Phonetics Gloss

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Syllable Structure, Phonotactics, and Stress

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  1. Four Melanau Dialects Syllable Structure, Phonotactics, and Stress

  2. Preliminary phonotactic generali-zations re: Hmwk#1 (perfect match data) • CVCVC predominates • CC virtually absent • VV relatively frequent

  3. Generalization about CVCVC data: Stress is word-final Data Phonetics Gloss araŋ Ɂaráŋ charcoal siaw siyáw chicken buaɁ buwáɁ fruit muaŋ muwáŋ dry t-ən-uiŋ t-ən-uwíŋ be heard (Belawi) daraɁ daráɁ blood saak saák red kait kaít hook

  4. So, how to describe the stress when the phonotactic pattern is CVCVVC? (most occur in Belawi) Data Phonetics Gloss pujoaɁ pujóaɁ tapering gaɤuət gaɤúət scratch putiaɁ putíaɁ white

  5. What is a diphthong? • A diphthong is a tautosyllabic VV phoneme containing contradictory features, e.g. [+high] and [-high] or [+back] and [-back]. • Three diphthong types occur in Malayo-Polynesian languages: Rising, Falling, and Front-back.

  6. Diphthong types There are equivalent ways to represent a diphthong phonetically, because [y] = [ i̯] and [w] = [u̯]. For example: • Rising: ai ̯, ay; au̯, aw; oi̯, oy; ou̯, ow; ei̯, ey; eu̯, ew; əi ̯, əy; əu̯, əw • Falling: i̯a, ya; i̯ə, yə; u̯a, wa; u̯ə, wə • Front-back: ui̯, uy; iu̯, iw; u̯i, wi, i̯u, yu; eo̯, ew; oe̯, oy

  7. Vowel sequences: hetero-syllabic or tauto-syllabic? • Heterosyllabic vowel sequences siaw = si.aw = [si.yáu̯] ‘chicken’ • Tautosyllabic vowel sequences? a) law [lau̯] ‘day’, siaw [si.yáu̯] ‘chicken’ b) ñamuək [ña.múə̯k] ‘mosquito’ (Belawi)

  8. Syllabification and Stress • Phonotactics is independent of syllable structure. —Juliette Levin (2004) • Stress depends on prior syllabification. –Bromberger and Halle (1989)

  9. Question: Given the data below, is Melanau stress predictable in all dialects? How to reconcile the two stress patterns CVCV́C and CVCV́VC?

  10. Consider the following data Data w/ stress Gloss aráŋ charcoal siáw chicken pə-pujóaɁ tapering buáɁ fruit muáŋ dry putíaɁ white (Belawi) ñamúək mosquito (Belawi) t-ən-uíŋ be heard (Belawi) gaɤúət scratch (Belawi) kíəɁ other (Belawi) túəs needle (Belawi)

  11. Problem for discussion • Work with a partner to work out the stress rule. • Method: manipulate the syllable structure in order to obtain the maximally general stress rule. Remember Bromberger and Halle (1989): “Stress rule depends on prior syllabification.”

  12. Instructor’s analysis

  13. Melanau stress pattern • All Melanau words receive stress on the final syllablic vowel of the word. • Falling diphthongs consist of a syllabic and a non-syllabic vowel, e.g. /iə̯/ is one phoneme, and [la.súə̯ʔ] /lasuəʔ/ ‘warm’ is disyllabic.

  14. Therefore the last two examples are monosyllables—perhaps not phonetically but phonologically. Data w/ stress Gloss pə-pujóaɁ tapering putíaɁ white (Belawi) ñamúək mosquito (Belawi) gaɤúət scratch (Belawi) kíəɁ other (Belawi) túəs needle (Belawi)

  15. Phonotactics is independent of syllable structure.Stress assignment depends on prior syllabification. LING 485/585 Winter 2009

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