Mastering Campaign Strategies: Winning the Electorate Effectively

1. MR. LIPMAN’S AP GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS POWERPOINT CHAPTER 14 – THE ACTUAL CAMPAIGN PROCESS

2. Party leaders are concerned with electability • Party activists are concerned with ideology and issues. • The successful candidate must appeal to both

3. Most electoral contests are similar in structure. Nomination campaign aimed at winning primary. {Run to 1st base} General election campaign aimed at winning final race. {Run to 2nd base/middle of the field}

4. Who do candidates typically appeal to during a general election campaign? Party activists Members of all parties Members of the political elite The conservatives within the party The ideological center of the party

5. Who do candidates typically appeal to during a general election campaign? Party activists Members of all parties Members of the political elite The conservatives within the party The ideological center of the party

6. GOAL IS TO REACH THE VOTER • Voter Canvas: Process of reaching individual voter • Paid Media • Free Media • Inoculation Ad (“stop damage before it hits”) • Spinning • More Bang for the Buck (“sorry Ike”)

7. Assembling a Campaign Staff • A candidate, volunteers, campaign consultants, and a paid staff make up the campaign. • Volunteers focus on canvassing and getting out the vote. • The paid staff consists of • campaign manager; • finance chair; • communications staff; • press secretary.

8. While candidates running for presidential, senatorial, or gubernatorial offices have paid staff those running for state offices rely heavily on state campaign agencies. community funded campaign workers. state political parties. volunteers. the national parties.

9. While candidates running for presidential, senatorial, or gubernatorial offices have paid staff those running for state offices rely heavily on state campaign agencies. community funded campaign workers. state political parties. volunteers. the national parties.

10. Raising Money To Learning Objectives • Congress has long limited campaign contributions: • 1907 Tillman prohibits corporations from making direct contributions to federal campaigns • The Corrupt Practices Act, Hatch Act, Taft-Hartley Act; The Federal Election Campaign Act • Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) • Citizens United v. FEC, 2010

11. CAMPAIGN FIANCING LAWS • Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) governs • McCain-Feingold (2002): Upheld 5-4 by Supreme Court. Goal is not fairness but to limit single outside influences which can lead to corruption. • {opposition says violates free speech rights} • Political Action Committee (PAC): Officially registered fund raising committee and usually favor incumbents but the trend is changing. Most elected officials have set up their own.

12. _____ are donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates. Matching funds Public funds PACs Member PACS Personal savings

13. _____ are donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates. Matching funds Public funds PACs Member PACS Personal savings

14. FINANCING CONTINUED • Incumbents can use their PACS to help fellow candidates or office holders (“think Hillary”) • Buckley v. Valeo (1976) : Supreme Ct. says no limit can be placed on $ candidate spends from his own family funds. • Public Funding: As of now only for Presidential Candidates, and in some states, {“matching funds”} but what does the future hold.

15. FINANCING CONTINUED • Hard Money = clearly regulated, specific and limited • Soft Money = unregulated, unlimited, and usually raised by PACs and Individuals • Express Advocacy Ads: Intended to influence election and thus can only be bought with hard money • Issue Advocacy Ads: May be paid with soft $

16. _________ ad compare the records and proposals of the candidates, showing the candidate sponsoring the ad in a more favorable light. Positive Negative Contrast Inoculation Fear

17. _________ ad compare the records and proposals of the candidates, showing the candidate sponsoring the ad in a more favorable light. Positive Negative Contrast Inoculation Fear

18. Campaign Advertisements Positive ad Negative ad Contrast ad Inoculation ad Fear ad

19. JUST FOLLOW THE $ • 527 political committees: Unregulated interest groups focused on specific issue (used to avoid limits on PACs) • 6% of PACs spent 62% of all money on congressional election races in 2001-02 campaigns……………………..but • Internet and Obama appear to have changed everything when it comes to raising money

20. What are the individual contribution limits under BCRA?

21. To Learning Objectives How do PACs allocate their campaign contributions? Back

22. Obama’s win in 2008 was the largest Democratic win since _______. 1976 1964 1992 1932 1912

23. Obama’s win in 2008 was the largest Democratic win since _______. 1976 1964 1992 1932 1912

24. Campaign Financing http://www.melissadata.com/lookups/fec.asp Use the above site to see who has given money to federal election campaigns in a given year and zip code.