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Stages of Sleep

Stages of Sleep. Definitions. Electroencephalograph: An instrument that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure and record the brain’s electrical activity. EEG: The graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph.

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Stages of Sleep

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  1. Stages of Sleep

  2. Definitions • Electroencephalograph: An instrument that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure and record the brain’s electrical activity. • EEG: The graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph. • REM Sleep: Type of sleep during which rapid eye movements (REM) and dreaming usually occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed; also called “active sleep” or “paradoxical sleep.” • NREM Sleep: Quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent; divided into four stages; also called quiet sleep.

  3. Definitions cont … • Beta Brain Waves: Brain-wave pattern associated with alert wakefulness. • Alpha Brain Waves: Brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness. • Hypnagogic Hallucinations: Vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep. • Sleep Spindles: Short bursts of brain activity that characterize stage 2 NREM sleep. • K Complex: Single but large high-voltage spike of brain activity that characterizes stage 2 NREM sleep. • Sleep Paralysis: A temporary condition in which a person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night.

  4. Stages of Sleep • Stage 1 NREM: Lasts only a few minutes. Transitional stage during which you gradually disengage from the sensations of the surrounding world. You can quickly regain conscious alertness if needed. • Stage 2 NREM: Onset of true sleep and is defined by the appearance of sleep spindles and K complexes.

  5. Stages of Sleep cont … • Stage 3 and Stage 4 NREM: Both stages are defined by the amount of delta brain-wave activity (larger, slower brain waves than the alpha and beta brain waves). It is also called slow-wave sleep. Stage 3 begins when delta waves represent more than 20% of brain activity. When delta brain waves exceed 50%, it is considered stage 4 NREM. In stage 4 NREM, heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate drop to its lowest levels. Some people who sleepwalk will typically do so during this stage. It is possible to answer a phone or carry on a conversation for a few minutes without fully waking up or remembering it the next morning. • REM Sleep: Dreams will usually occur during this stage – the brain becomes more active and generates smaller and faster brain waves. The sleeper’s eyes dark back and forth behind closed eyelids (Rapid Eye Movements). Muscles twitches occur. Sexual arousal may occur. This stage is very brief.

  6. : Graph taken from the following website: http://www.helpguide.org/life/sleeping.htmj

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