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Form 4 Topics

Form 4 Topics. Weather and climate Weather instruments; Wind vane and wind rose Hygrometer Six’s thermometer Aneroid barograph Rain gauge Stevenson screen (characteristics and sitting of the screen). Factors influencing temperature and climate in Brunei: Latitude Monsoon winds Relief

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Form 4 Topics

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  1. Form 4 Topics • Weather and climate • Weather instruments; • Wind vane and wind rose • Hygrometer • Six’s thermometer • Aneroid barograph • Rain gauge • Stevenson screen (characteristics and sitting of the screen)

  2. Factors influencing temperature and climate in Brunei: • Latitude • Monsoon winds • Relief • Land and sea breezes • To explain the path of monsoon winds

  3. Climatic features of equatorial and tropical monsoon climates • Equatorial climate • High temperature of 27-28°C • Small annual temperature range – 2°C • High total annual rainfall, 2000 – 2500mm • Rainfall throughout the year, no distinct wet and dry season

  4. b) Tropical monsoon climate • Temperature slightly lower than equatorial climate • A distinct wet and dry season • Annual rainfall- less than 1500 mm

  5. 2. Natural Vegetation • Tropical vegetation • Tropical/ Equatorial rainforest • Tropical monsoon forest • Mangrove swamps • Importance of forest • Forestry in Amazon • Forestry in Sabah and Brunei

  6. b. Temperate forest • Temperate deciduous forest • Coniferous forest • Compare the characteristics of different kind of forest: • Equatorial Vs temperate forests (deciduous and coniferous) • Equatorial Vs Tropical monsoon forests etc.

  7. 3. Crustal Movement • Constructive and destructive plate boundaries • Formation of oceanic ridge, oceanic trench etc. • Types of volcanoes – explain the formation • Earth quakes – seismometers, richter scale, magnitude

  8. 4. Weathering • Physical weathering • Alternate expansion and contraction • Frost action • Salt weathering • Pressure release b. Chemical weathering • Carbonation • Oxidation • Hydrolysis

  9. c. Biological weathering • Bio-chemical (plants, animals and human) • Decomposition of leaves and animals • Industrial activities of human being • Bio-physical (roots of trees, earthworms, rats etc) • Deforestation exposed the rocks to the weathering agents

  10. 6. River Landscapes • Works of river • Erosion, transportation and deposition • Erosion – CASH (Corrasion/Abrasion, Attrition, Solution, Hydraulic Action) • Transportation – 3 S, 1 T (Saltation, Suspension, Solution and Traction) ii. Erosional features • Waterfalls • Rapids • River cliff • Ox-bow lake • Interlocking spurs • gorge

  11. iii. Depositional features • Floodplains • Levees • Slip-off slope • Delta

  12. 7. Coastal Landscapes • Types of waves • Destructive and • Constructive waves • Wave erosion – CASH • Transportation – longshore drift • Erosional features: • Headlands and bays • Wave-cut platform • Notch, cave, arch, stack and stump

  13. Coral reefs (practice how to draw diagrams): • Fringing reef • Barrier reef • Atolls • Factors favour the growth of coral • Coastal protection: • Groyne (to stop longshore drift) • Sea wall • Water breaker

  14. Form 5 Topics • Population studies • Population terms • Must know how to explain the population pyramids: • Broad based • Rectangular • Narrow based / bee-hive

  15. Demographic transition model • Population policies: • One-child Policy in China • Have three or more if you can afford to in Singapore • Transmigration in Indonesia • Population distribution in Brunei and East Malaysia (must know the reasons of different population density in different district)

  16. 2. Farming • Terms (subsistence, commercial, intensive, extensive etc) • Types of farming • Shifting cultivation and market gardening • Brunei and East Malaysia ii. Plantation (MUST prepare) • Tea plantation • Oil palm plantation iii. Green Revolution in India (Wet Rice Cultivation)

  17. farming in Brunei: • Factors • Problems • Solutions • Always remember, factors influencing farming: • Physical – climate (temperature and rainfall, soil, relief) • Human and economic (capital, labour, seeds, fertilisers, machinery etc.)

  18. 2. Fishing • Read the past year questions will do (4)13 – (4)20 • Fishing in Japan • Fishing in Brunei 3. Oil and Gas (6)12-(6)16 • Read past year questions will do 4. Industry (Optional) • Factors • Iron and steel in India and Japan

  19. 5. Tourism • Notes and June 2009 questions

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