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Experimental Design

This guide focuses on the principles of designing controlled scientific experiments for 8th graders. Students will learn to identify independent and dependent variables, maintain constants, and utilize control and experimental groups. The guide also explores real-world applications of the scientific method in various careers such as medical professions and research development. With practical examples from clinical studies to fertilizer effects on plant growth, students will understand how to formulate hypotheses and conduct experiments effectively.

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Experimental Design

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  1. Experimental Design 8th Grade Science Objective: Design a controlled scientific experiment S1, C2, PO2

  2. What careers or professions use the Scientific Method? • scientists • city water/ sewer/ landfills/etc. • medical professions • research and development of products • ??

  3. The Bad News?Test results are in…The diagnosis? You have blah-blah disease.

  4. The Good News? There might be a cure but the treatment is still experimental. • You have to participate in a clinical study to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

  5. Problem • Does Blahcure relieve the symptoms of Blah-Blah disease?

  6. Hypothesis • The more Blahcure given/taken, the less evident the symptoms will be.

  7. Independent Variable • medication

  8. Dependent Variable • Measure the symptoms of the disease • Check to see if patient feels better

  9. Constants • Same disease & level of sickness • Age of participant • Same health conditions of diet, exercise, vitamins, etc. • Habits such as smoking or drinking • Same exam

  10. Control Group • It represents what is Normal. • Doesn’t get any treatment. • Give them aplacebo (fake pill).

  11. Experimental Group • Different amounts of the medication

  12. Treatment Description

  13. 2. Problem • Does the amount of fertilizer given to a plant affect how tall the plant will grow?

  14. Hypothesis • The more fertilizer used, the taller the plant will grow.

  15. Independent Variable • fertilizer

  16. Dependent Variable • Height of the plant

  17. Constant Variables • Sunlight • Climate • Water • Soil (sandy, peat moss, etc)

  18. Control Group • It represents what is Normal. • So what is “normal?”. • Plain dirt…NORMAL SOIL.

  19. Experimental Group • Different amounts of fertilizer.

  20. Treatment Description

  21. 3. Problem • Does the type of tennis shoe effect the number of shin splints and knee problems for runners?

  22. Hypothesis • The __________ (kind of shoe) will reduce the number of shin splints/knee problems the runner will have.

  23. Independent Variable • Kinds of shoes

  24. Dependent Variable • Number of shin splints and knee problems runners have.

  25. Constant Variables • Same runner • Distance run per day • Length of time tested (1 month) • Size of shoe

  26. Control Group • Nike Shox (Any type you think of as “normal”)

  27. Experimental Group • Nike Air • Asics Gel • Addidas Running Shoe

  28. Treatment Description

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