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Water Quality

Water Quality . What is quality water? . Is it suitable for a particular use? Ecosystem Drinking Recreation Agriculture based upon its selected P hysical, C hemical, and B iological properties. Ecosystem health. Biological: flora and fauna species Benthos macroinvertebrates

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Water Quality

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  1. Water Quality

  2. What is quality water? • Is it suitable for a particular use? • Ecosystem • Drinking • Recreation • Agriculture • based upon its selected • Physical, • Chemical, and • Biological properties

  3. Ecosystem health • Biological: flora and fauna species • Benthos macroinvertebrates • Bottom dwellers lacking a backbone, i.e. Worms, larvae, clams, snails, water striders

  4. Range of Tolerance

  5. Chp 18 .1 • When was the Clean Water Act signed into law? • What was a goal of the Clean Water Act? • List one area of water pollution that has gotten worse in the past 40 years. • Give an example of point source and non-point source water pollution. • List a waterborne disease. • What does BOD test for? • What can lower the DO of a body of water? • How can oxygen be added to water? • What is the term to describe a body of water that has low biological productivity? • What is cultural eutrophication? • Describe an ecological harm caused by cultural eutrophication.

  6. Oxygen demanding wastes • Example: Organic matter • Source: sewage, lawn clippings. As O2 dissolves in H2O , energy is released O2 + 80% Saturation > 100% saturation + heat. If the system is heated, H2O will not dissolve Cool the water , then O2 dissolves. A lake becomes stratified in the summer . Prevents mixing of nutrients and oxygen Oxygen is required to convert stored energy in organic matter to ATP (cellular respiration). During the summer, where could the water become anoxic? Why? Why are there large algae blooms in the fall?

  7. Nutrient enrichment • Example: N & P • Source: Ag. & Urban fertilizers, sewage, manure • Eutrophication: Things change. • Dead Zones • Excess Nitrogen in drinking water: methemoglobinemia

  8. Infectious agents: Pathogens • Bacteria: Cholera: watery diarrhea that can kill in hours. • 3-5 million affected, 100,000 deaths • Virus: Polio: paralyzes muscles, enters through mouth • 99% reduction since 1988. Only four countries are endemic for it. • Protist: Giardiasis : severe diarrhea • Coliform testing: Guilt by association

  9. Chemicals: Organic • Organic: C-C bonds, C-H bonds • Example : Fossil fuels, detergents, pharmaceuticals • DDT: Silent Spring • Miracle chemical: killed lice in WWII • Later used to kill mosquitoes • Bio-accumulated in tissues • Biomagnified through food chain

  10. Chemicals Inorganic materials • Metals: mercury, lead, cadmium • Weathered from rocks into the water. • Coal releases mercury into the atmosphere, which then diffuses on to the water. • Shark, Tilefish, Mackerel, Kingfish, Swordfish • Mercury: causes neurological impairments. • Pregnant women should eat 1 can light tuna/ 3 days • Non-metalic:Road salt, arsenic • Acids: H2SO4

  11. Other pollutants • Sediments • Thermal • Radiation

  12. Clean Water Act • 1948 30% of Americans had access to municipal sewage treatment that may have only removed chunks • NPDES : 10% of pollution comes from industrial point source • 91% rivers, 88% lakes are fishable and swimmable • Navigable waters no longer include some tributaries.

  13. Clean Water Act Sediments, nutrients & pathogens pose problems Non-point sources account for 75% of water pollution

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