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The 1950s Music Revolution: From Rock 'n Roll to Soul & Brill Building Era

Explore the music industry evolution from the end of Rock 'n Roll to the British Invasion in the 1950s, including the rise of Soul Music, Brill Building era, and the impact of producers like Phil Spector. Discover key artists, songwriters, and the transition of R&B into mainstream.

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The 1950s Music Revolution: From Rock 'n Roll to Soul & Brill Building Era

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  1. Friendly Warning :Test # 2 next Week(Thursday) 19 July 2012 Covers “1950s”:Chapters 2 & 3

  2. Chapter 3 Overview 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British Invasion” (Beatles, etc.) Return to old-fashioned marketing (Tin Pan Alley)- market segmentation into teenyboppers and older “Brill Building” - Aldon Music- Sedaka, King, Weil & Mann, Barry & Greenwich, etc.- Manufactured “talent” (Avalon, Fabian, etc.)- Rise of the Producer (Phil Spector, etc.) “Soul” Music – R & B goes mainstream Rockabilly goes Pop Surf Music from California Folk Music influences – politics & social issues

  3. Brill Building 1619 Broadway • North end of Times Square • Aldon Music locates here • “Vertical integration” of- songwriting- demos- publishing- recording & distribution • Producers in charge • Songwriting to order • Girl Groups

  4. Brill Building Sound (early ‘60s) • King & Goffin : YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW (1960) • King & Goffin : YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion (1962) • Sedaka & Howie Greenfield: Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube • Ellie Greenwich & Jeff Barry : The Ronettes - YouTube • Ronald Mack (manager, not a songwriter) :THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube (1963, pop #1) (rejected by Capitol records as “too trite…too simple”) Carole King (b. 1942) & Gerry Goffin (b. 1939) Neil Sedaka (b. 1939) Howie Greenfield (1936-86)

  5. (Jerry) Lieber and (Mike) Stoller • R & B composers/producers • Numerous crossover hits (“Hound dog”, “Kansas City”) • “We thought we were black….” • “….we write records” • Musical stories in well produced formats (first for R&B) • Ex. The Coasters - Charlie Brown - YouTube • Ex. YouTube - Down in Mexico by The Coasters (text, p. 129) The Coasters

  6. Phil Spector(b. 1939) • Session musican/composer • Producer as “star” • “Wall of Sound” • Examples- Da Doo Ron Ron by The Crystals (Lyrics) – YouTube- YouTube - The Ronettes - Be My Baby (Lip sync)- The Crystals - Then He Kissed Me (1963) – YouTube • Recently…… Convicted of 2nd degree murder (2009)

  7. “You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’” • Composed by Cynthia Mann, Barry Weill, Phil Spector • “too slow, too long”- “3:05” on label(over 3:45 on air) • Bridge changes mood!? • # 1 in 1965 (US), # 1 in UK in 1965, 1969, 1990) • YouTube - Righteous Brothers You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' (45 RPM) • BMI: “Most played song of the 20th Century” The Righteous Brothers (Medley and Hatfield)

  8. R&B Before “Soul” • Nate King Cole (1919-1965)- jazz pianist & singer- Ex. NAT KING COLE - SEND FOR ME– YouTube (pop # 6) • Johnny Mathis (b. 1935)- “pop” singer (“romantic” album)- Ex. Johnny Mathis - Chances Are– YouTube (1957, Pop # 1) • Ray Charles (1930-2004)- R&B, Country, Gospel, etc.- Ex. Ray Charles - I Got A Woman –YouTube (1955 R&B #1)- Cf. The Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus“954 Duke 205 Gospel Series – YouTube

  9. “Sweet Soul” • Born Mississippi- son of Baptist Minister (w/ 8 children)- Gospel singer from about age of nine • The Soul Stirrers (founded 1926, Texas)- leading Gospel Quartet- Cooke joins c. 1940- The Soul Stirrers Featuring Sam Cooke - He'll Make A Way – YouTube (C.1954)- Soul Stirrers-Be with me, jesus – YouTube(1955)- The Soul Stirrers - Wonderful (Sam Cooke) – YouTube (1956) • Move to Secular/Popular (c. 1956/57)- first recordings under pseudonyms- YouTube - Sam Cooke - You Send Me (# 1on Pop and R&B)- SAM COOKE- "CHAIN GANG" – YouTube- Sam Cooke Twistin' the Night Away lyrics – YouTube- YouTube - Sam Cooke Tribute (mix of excerpts w/ history) Sam Cooke(1931-64)

  10. Doo Wop • Drifters (Doo Wop vocal group)- backup to Clyde McPhatter (since 1953)- group “fired” 1958 • (New) Drifters formed 1958/59- Ben E. King as lead vocals • Examples- Ben E. King and The Drifters - There Goes My Baby – YouTube (1959)- YouTube - The Drifters - Up On The Roof (1963)- THE DRIFTERS-ON BROADWAY. – YouTube (1953) • Ben E. King- fired from Drifters - Ben E King - Spanish Harlem – YouTube- YouTube - Ben E. King - Stand by me (note circular harmonies: I-vi-IV-V) The Drifters (original group) The Drifters (replacements)

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