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Photovoltaic Power

Photovoltaic Power. John Bothof. John Bothof. Photovoltaic Experience. Ameren Solar Technology Center Military NJ ANG Hickam Luke AFB Doha Qatar: Ex Hall Student Housing El Dorado 10MW Copper Mountain 50MW. Solar Industry. Industry Growth.

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Photovoltaic Power

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  1. Photovoltaic Power John Bothof

  2. John Bothof Photovoltaic Experience Ameren Solar Technology Center Military NJ ANG Hickam Luke AFB Doha Qatar: Ex Hall Student Housing El Dorado 10MW Copper Mountain 50MW

  3. Solar Industry Industry Growth Grid-connected PV Installations grew 66%. (Q1 2011 vs Q1 2010) US Grid Connected PV now over 2.3GW. US Module Production increased 17% from last quarter. Anticipate Doubling of installations from 2010. 2010 had 60% growth.

  4. Cost Reductions

  5. Increased Energy Demand United States Net Generation 2009 (Thousand megawatt hours) 3,950331 Sales to Ultimate Customers 2009 (thousand megawatt hours) 3,723803 Increase Demand

  6. Photovoltaics Solar Energy The energy we get from our sun is the result of nuclear fusion reactions. Our sun is made up of hydrogen which is gradually being converted into helium. The “waste” from this reaction (derived from e=mc2) is heat and light energy.

  7. Power Content of the Solar Spectrum

  8. Harvesting and Using Solar Energy Technologies Different Technologies are used to take advantage of the energy in throughout the solar spectrum. Photovoltaic Technologies • The direct conversion of sunlight into energy • Converts the energy in the visible spectrum into electricity. Solar Thermal Technologies • Use the energy in the “heat” part of the solar spectrum.

  9. Solar Thermal

  10. Photovoltaics Flat Plate Collectors

  11. Photovoltaics Physics

  12. + + + + + - - - - - Photovoltaics Cell The electronic charges within the doped material create an electric field across the depletion layer. When sunlight strikes the cell it can knock an electron out of its atomic orbit The electric field sweeps the electron towards the top electrodes The gap or “hole” left by the electron is swept towards the back plate The flow of charges makes an electric current which powers an attached electric circuit

  13. Photovoltaics Cell Technology Crystalline • Mono • Most efficient • Most Expensive • Poly • Middle Man

  14. Photovoltaics Cell Technology Thin film • a-Si • CdTe • CIS • CIGS • GaAs

  15. Photovoltaics Concentrated Solar

  16. Photovoltaics Ameren Solar Technology Center Compare Technology Output • Same conditions • Missouri Weather • Customer Service

  17. Photovoltaic Ameren Solar Technology Center

  18. Photovoltaics Tracking Single Axis • 25% more kWh Tilted Single Axis • 27-32% more kWh Bi-Axis • 35 to 40% more kWh

  19. Array Modules Series & Parallel Cells Modules Placed in series are called strings What is a Panel????

  20. Array Combiner Combine Strings in Parallel NEC required fuse

  21. Array Inverter Converts DC into AC

  22. Array Inverter STRING MODULE CELL ARRAY Combiner

  23. Array Advances Manufacturing Standards Implementation Standards MPPT Tracking Balance of Systems Inverter Improvements

  24. Energy Solar Power as a Generating Source Reasons Increasing Energy Demand Energy Independence Distributed Generation Challenges Grid Penetration Cost Permitting Transmission

  25. Energy Improvements IEEE 1547 • Allow low voltage ride through • Inverters can be Stabilizing • Transmission • Smart Grid • Energy Storage • “Arguing with an Engineer is like wrestling with a pig in the mud, it doesn’t take long to figure out the pig likes it.”

  26. Questions

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