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Overview Of The Photovoltaic Power System

The IEEE 7 th Technical Exchange Meeting April 18-19, 2000. Overview Of The Photovoltaic Power System. Mohammed A. Al-Jofaish Saudi Aramco/Consulting Services Department. Presentation’s Outline. Photovoltaic (PV) Theory PV System’s Components Design Strategy & Considerations Applications

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Overview Of The Photovoltaic Power System

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  1. The IEEE 7th Technical Exchange Meeting April 18-19, 2000 Overview OfThe Photovoltaic Power System Mohammed A. Al-Jofaish Saudi Aramco/Consulting Services Department

  2. Presentation’s Outline • Photovoltaic (PV) Theory • PV System’s Components • Design Strategy & Considerations • Applications • Advantages & Disadvantages • Summary

  3. Photovoltaic Theory n-Silicon - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + p-Silicon

  4. PV System’s Components • Solar Array • Storage Batteries • Charge Controller (Regulator) • Inverter (For AC Systems Only)

  5. Photovoltaic System PV Array Charge Controller Battery

  6. PV System’s Components Charge Controller Battery Bank Photovoltaic Array Inverter (AC loads) Load

  7. Design Strategy PV Array: • Type Selection • Sizing • Climate & Geographical Location Considerations

  8. Design Strategy PV Array Types:

  9. Design Strategy PV Array Sizing: • De-rating Factors • Aging 20% • Dirt Accumulation 20% • Future Growth 10% • Recharging Period 4 days • System Voltage • Load Profile

  10. Design StrategyPV Array Climate & Geographical Location: • Solar Insolation (Radiation) • Effective Sun Hours • Array Orientation • Direction (Toward South) • Tilt Angle • Fixed Angle (Latitude + 10 Degrees) • Adjustable (Sun Tracking)

  11. Sun Insolation 5.0 kW/m2/day 5.0

  12. Photovoltaic Arrays Field

  13. Photovoltaic Arrays Field

  14. Photovoltaic Arrays Field

  15. Design Strategy Storage Battery: • Type Selection • Sizing • Environment Considerations

  16. Design Strategy Storage Battery:Type Selection (cyclic application) • Tubular Plate Lead-Acid • Pocket Plate Nickel-Cadmium

  17. Design Strategy Storage Battery:Sizing • System Voltage • Load Profile • Backup Time (Autonomy) 7 days • De-rating Factors Lead-AcidNi-Cad Aging 25% 10% Temp. Compensation 19% 14% Design 10% 10%

  18. Design Strategy Storage Battery:Environment Considerations • No Temperature Control  Temp. Compensation • Outdoor Battery Enclosure • Shade Requirement

  19. Design Strategy Charge Regulator: • Type Selection • Single Stage • Multistage • Sizing (Array Rated Currents) • Temperature Compensation • Lead-Acid -5mV/oC/cell • Ni-Cad -3mV/oC/cell • Low Voltage Disconnect • Lead-Acid 1.85V/cell • Ni-Cad 1.15V/cell

  20. Applications • Cathodic Protection Systems • Telecommunications Systems • SCADA Systems • Offshore Platforms • Highway Lighting • Remote Homes • Irrigation Water Pumping

  21. Advantages $ $ $ • Reliable • No Fuels • Low Maintenance • Long-term Savings • No Pollution • No Noise

  22. Disadvantages $ $ • High Initial Cost (3-10 times) • Specialized Maintenance • Batteries • Power Conditioning Equipment • Large Space $ $ $ $

  23. Summary Despite the disadvantages of the photovoltaic power, there are many applications where the PV is the only choice that is economically justifiable.

  24. THE END

  25. QUESTIONS ?

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