European Colonization in the Americas: Spanish and French Endeavors

1. Essential Question Why did the Spanish and French build colonies in the Americas?

2. The Migration to America

3. Land Bridge to America • Look at the map on pages 18 and 19 of our text and answer the following questions. • What geographical event made the sea level drop to reveal the land bridge between Asia and America? • What other ways might settlers have made their way to America?

4. Bering Strait • Separates Alaska from Siberia • Dry land during the last Ice Age • This land bridge is known as Beringia

5. Beringia • People crossed by foot or by boat from the continent of Asia • Nomads moved continually from place to place

6. Early Americans

7. Mesoamerica • Mexico, Central America • Agricultural Revolution – maize (corn), squash, peppers, beans • First permanent villages

8. Mesoamerica

9. Europeans in North America • Name the three European groups which had the greatest impact on settling North America: • 1. • 2. • 3.

10. The Spanish and French Build Empires

11. Hernan Cortes • Hernan Cortes led an expedition to the Yucatan Peninsula • Purpose = find Indians to work Cuban farms and mines • 550 men, 11 ships

12. Cortes in Mexico • 1519 – Cortes landed in the Yucatan Peninsula • Montezuma led the Aztec Empire

13. Quote, Aztec writer “While the Spaniards were in Tlaxcala, a great plague broke out here in Tenochtitlan . . . Sores erupted on our faces and our bellies; we were covered with agonizing sores from head to foot. The illness was so dreadful that no one could walk or move . . . If they did move their bodies, they screamed with pain.”

14. Spanish Victory • Cortes ordered a new city – Mexico City • Capital of the Spanish colony of New Spain

15. Northern Spanish Exploration1513-1610

16. Spanish Missions of Georgia

17. Southwest Settlements • Failure to find gold, wealth • 1598 – settlers migrated north of the Rio Grande into New Mexico • Capital city – Santa Fe (1609-1610)

26. Mining and Ranching • Spanish discovered silver • Cattle ranches (haciendas)

27. Native Americans in New Spain • Native Americans paid taxes • Also worked as slaves in mines • Most died

28. Jacques Cartier • First trip in 1534 for the French Empire • Mapped the St. Lawrence River

29. St. Lawrence River

30. New France • French fished off the North American coastline • Fur became fashionable in Europe

31. Samuel de Champlain • 1608 – founded the city of Quebec • Capital of New France

32. Life in New France • Colony grew slowly • Coureurs de bois – fur traders lived among the Native Americans • Jesuit missionaries

33. French Explorers • Joliet and Marquette explored the Mississippi River • La Salle followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico

34. Settling Louisiana • Desire to ship furs down the Mississippi to the Gulf • Settlements such as New Orleans • Labor intensive crops (sugar, rice, indigo) required slave labor

35. French and Spanish Settlements

36. France vs. Spain • Spanish founded St. Augustine in Florida in 1565 to protect their territory • 1690 – established first Spanish town in eastern Texas