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Understanding Chemistry: Matter, Mixtures, and Chemical Reactions Explained

This chapter provides an introduction to chemistry, defining it as the study of matter's composition, structure, properties, and the reactions that transform matter. It categorizes matter into mixtures and pure substances, detailing heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, as well as elements and compounds. The chapter further explores chemical changes, identifying key signs of chemical reactions such as gas formation, color changes, and temperature shifts. Additionally, it discusses the states of matter and density, offering essential formulas for conversions in measurements.

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Understanding Chemistry: Matter, Mixtures, and Chemical Reactions Explained

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  1. Chapter 1 The Science of Chemistry

  2. Chemistry • What is Chemistry? • -The study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the reactions by which matter may be formed or converted into other forms.   • Classification of Matter • Matter - an object that has mass and takes up space (volume)

  3. Mixtures • 1. Mixture- Two or more kinds of matter that can be separated by physical means.   •         Techniques for physical separations- filtration, straining/sifting, magnetism, & distillation •     a. heterogeneous mixture - non-uniform distribution of matter •     b. homogeneous mixture - uniform distribution   •         solution- another name for a homogeneous mixture  

  4. Pure Substance- matter that cannot be separated by physical processes   •     a. Element- cannot be broken down into simpler forms of matter   • b. Compound- pure substances that can be broken down into simpler forms only by chemical processes.  

  5. Chemical reactions • Chemical Changes- A change in matter that produces new substances with new properties (chemical reaction)   •     a. reactants- substances that undergo changes •     b. products- new substances that are formed • precipitate- a solid produced from solution during a reaction  

  6. Ten signs of chemical change • 1. Bubbles of gas appear •       2. A precipitate forms •       3. A change in color •       4.Temperature changes •       5.Light is emitted •       6.A change in volume •       7.A change in electrical conductivity •       8.A change in melting or boiling point •       9.A change in smell or taste (not to be performed in lab) •       10.A change in chemical or physical properties

  7. States of matter • Solid- uniform shape, volume and low internal heat • Liquid- variable shape, uniform volume and medium internal heat • Gas- variable shape, volume and high internal heat

  8. Density • Density is amount of mass per unit of volume… units are based on what you are given • Standard is g/mL • D=M/V • M= DxV • V=M/D

  9. Converting • Factor-Label !!! • 1.    Read the problem carefully; determine what is being solved for.  • 2.    Tabulate the data given.  Label measurements with units; use correct factors (powers of ten).  • 3.    Determine which unit relationships are necessary.  • 4.    Set up the problem in a logical fashion; make sure unwanted units cancel.  Use the conversion equation for converting from one unit to another. 

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