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Unit 3: Circulatory System

Unit 3: Circulatory System. Respiration. (1) Respiration (“Breathing”). Includes: Movement of air in and out of lungs. Gas exchange between blood + alveoli. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the blood. Gas exchange between blood + tissue cells. (2) Inspiration.

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Unit 3: Circulatory System

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  1. Unit 3: Circulatory System Respiration

  2. (1) Respiration (“Breathing”) • Includes: • Movement of air in and out of lungs. • Gas exchange between blood + alveoli. • Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the blood. • Gas exchange between blood + tissue cells.

  3. (2) Inspiration • Inspiration = Inhalation (Fill with Oxygen Gas) • Diaphragm contracts • Increase in Thoracic Volume • Decrease in Lung Pressure • Air Moves from High  Low Pressure into the Lungs • Lung Pressure Increases & Equilibrates

  4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related

  5. (3) Expiration • Expiration = Exhalation(Expel Carbon Dioxide Gas) • Diaphragm relaxes • Decrease in Thoracic Volume • Increase in Lung Pressure • Air moves from High  Low Pressure out of the lungs • Lung Pressure Decreases & Equilibrates

  6. (4) Gas Exchange • Exchange between Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide • Alveoli = Part of Respiratory System • Contain intake of oxygen • Get rid of carbon dioxide • Capillaries & Blood = Part of Cardiovascular System • Take Carbon dioxide from respiring cells  Alveoli • Take oxygen from alveoli  cells • Alveoli covered in Capillaries  Diffusion Across

  7. (5) Oxygen Exchange • Taken in through respiratory system • Held in alveoli of lungs • Higher Concentration of O2 in alveoli than blood stream  Diffusion into blood stream • Binds with hemoglobin in red blood cells • Transported to tissues in need of oxygen

  8. (6) Carbon Dioxide Exchange • Released from cells during cellular respiration • Binds with hemoglobin AND stored in plasma as carbonic acid/bicarbonate • Higher Concentration of CO2 in blood than in alveoli  Diffusion out of blood stream into lungs • Release through respiratory system

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoSTehS7iq8

  10. (7) Regulation of Respiration • Controlled by the Medulla & Pons: • Medulla sets basic respiration rate • Pons maintains inspiratory + expiratory rhythm set by medulla • Pons also increases/decreases rates during various circumstances • Alveoli & Bronchioles lined with stretch receptors: • Trigger expiration during over-inspiration • Common during heightened emotion or physical activity • Lack of Oxygen  Large Gasps / Yawning • Impulse sent to brain to cause intake of oxygen • Result = Gasp for air

  11. (8) Respiratory Rate • Should be approx. 15 respirations/minute. • Factors Impacting Rate: • Physical Activity & Changes in Cellular Respiration • Conscious Control • Changes in emotion + environmental stimuli • Levels of carbon dioxide + oxygen in blood: • Carbon dioxide concentrations monitored by pH • Oxygen concentrations monitored by chemoreceptors in aortic arch

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