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The Shoulder Girdle

This comprehensive overview explores the anatomy and physiology of the shoulder girdle, focusing on its bones, muscles, and joints. It covers critical aspects like the scapula and clavicle, discusses dynamic stability, and examines movements such as elevation, depression, abduction, and rotation. Key muscles involved in shoulder girdle movements, including trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and pectoralis minor, are detailed, along with their functions and attachments. This knowledge is essential for understanding shoulder mechanics in human movement.

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The Shoulder Girdle

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  1. The Shoulder Girdle Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement 420:050

  2. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  3. The Shoulder Girdle • The scapula and clavicle • Two joints • Functions • Dynamic stability • Increased ROM

  4. From Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P; anatomy and physiology, ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill

  5. From Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P; anatomy and physiology, ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill

  6. Joints • Shoulder girdle (scapulothoracic) • Scapula moves on the rib cage • Joint motion occurs at sternoclavicular joint & to a lesser amount at the acromioclavicular joint

  7. Joints • Sternoclavicular (SC) • (Multiaxial) arthrodial/gliding classification • Movements • Anteriorly with protraction • Posteriorly with retraction • Superiorly with elevation • Inferiorly with depression

  8. Joints • Acromioclavicular (AC) • Arthrodial/gliding classification • Movements • Some gliding & rotational motion accompanying other shoulder girdle & shoulder joint motions • Often injured

  9. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  10. Muscles • Five muscles primarily involved in shoulder girdle movements • All originate on axial skeleton & insert on scapula and/or clavicle • Do not attach to humerus & do not cause shoulder joint actions • Functions: • Stability • ROM of shoulder joint

  11. Shoulder Girdle Muscles • Five muscles primarily involved in shoulder girdle movements • Trapezius - upper, middle, lower • Rhomboid - deep • Levator scapula • Serratus anterior • Pectoralis minor - deep

  12. Trapezius

  13. Levator Scapulae

  14. Rhomboids

  15. Serratus Anterior

  16. Pectoralis Minor

  17. Subclavius

  18. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  19. Movements • Focus on specific bony landmarks • inferior angle • glenoid fossa • acromion process • Shoulder girdle movements = scapula movements

  20. Movements • Elevation • upward or superior movement, as in shrugging shoulders • Depression • downward or inferior movement, as in returning to normal position

  21. Movements • Abduction (protraction) • scapula moves laterally away from spinal column • Adduction (retraction) • scapula moves medially toward spinal column

  22. Movements • Upward rotation • turning glenoid fossa upward & moving inferior angle superolaterally away from spinal column • Downward rotation • returning inferior angle inferomedially toward spinal column & glenoid fossa to normal position

  23. Adduction Elevation Shoulder GirdleMovements Abduction Upward Rotation Downward Rotation Depression

  24. Movements • Anterior tilt (upward tilt) • Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis • Occurs during glenohumeral hyperextension • Posterior tilt (downward tilt) • Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis • Occurs during glenohumeral hyperflexion

  25. Movements • Lateral tilt (outward tilt) • Rotational movement about its vertical axis • Occurs during protraction • Medial tilt (return from lateral tilt, inward tilt) • Rotational movement about its vertical axis • Occurs during retraction

  26. Movements • Shoulder joint & shoulder girdle work together • Shoulder girdle movement independent • Upward/downward rotation? • Shoulder girdle muscles • Stabilize scapula • Enhance ROM of shoulder joint

  27. ELEVATION • Proximal attachment: Above or below scapula/clavicle? • How many muscles fit this criteria? • Upper fibers trapezius • Middle fibers trapezius • Rhomboids • Levator Scapulae

  28. DEPRESSION • Proximal attachment: Above or below scapula/clavicle? • How many muscles fit this criteria? • Lower fibers trapezius • Pectoralis minor • Subclavius

  29. RETRACTION • Proximal attachment: In front (ribs) or behind (spine)? • How many muscles fit this criteria? • Trapezius (all fibers) • Rhomboids • Levator scapulae

  30. PROTRACTION • Proximal attachment: In front (ribs) or behind (spine)? • How many muscles fit this criteria? • Serratus anterior • Pectoralis minor

  31. UPWARD ROTATION • Upward or downward torque? • How many muscles fit this criteria? • Trapezius (all fibers) • Serratus anterior

  32. DOWNWARD ROTATION • Upward or downward torque? • How many muscles fit this criteria? • Pectoralis minor • Rhomboids

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