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The Origin of Humans

The Origin of Humans. Stages of Early Human Development. 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE. Paleolithic Age : ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE. 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE. 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE. 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE. Stage 1. Ardipithecus ramidus

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The Origin of Humans

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  1. The Origin of Humans

  2. Stages of Early Human Development 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

  3. Stage 1 • Ardipithecusramidus • First bi-pedalism known in humans, although primarily a tree dweller. • Most recent findings in human evolution. (1993) • Very short overall – Under 4’ 7,000,000 BCE – 4,000,000 BCE

  4. Stage 2 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE • Australopithecus • Bi-Pedalism fully formed • Predominately ground dwelling. • Would look like a large walking Ape to us. • Opposable Thumb. • Most famous example is the “Lucy” skeleton discovered in 1975 by Dr. Donald Johanson.

  5. The Paleolithic Age • “Paleolithic”--> “Old Stone” Age • 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE • Made tools • hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans • NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

  6. The Paleolithic Age • Humans during this period found shelter in caves. • Cave paintings left behind. – ChauvetPaintiings Purpose??

  7. Stage 3 • Homo Genus = Man • HOMO HABILIS • Known as the “Handy Man” • Created Stone Tools • Foraged and Scavenged Mostly

  8. Stage 3 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE • HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) • Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology • First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. • Hunted via Persistence Running. • First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) – Leads to community and co-operation at new level.

  9. Stage 3 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

  10. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: • Prominent Brow • First humans to bury their dead. • Made clothes from animal skins. • Advanced hunting techniques • Lived in caves and tents. • Interbred with Cro- Magnon Man

  11. Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: • Homo sapiens sapiens( “Wise, wise human” ) • By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???

  12. Tool Comparison cont…. Neanderthals Cro-Magnon

  13. The Neolithic Age • “Neolithic”“New Stone” Age • 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE • Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

  14. The Agricultural Revolution • 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE • Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. • SLASH-AND-BURN Farming • Seasonal Return of Crops • Animal Husbandry Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

  15. Why a Neolithic Revolution? • End of an Ice Age = the end of some big game animals. • New Crops develop as ice recedes. • Newly developed crops are more fruitful even in wild than old plants. • More population = greater need for stability in food source. • Greater stability in food source = more population. • Agriculture started by spreading seeds on travel routes, then settling down.

  16. Animal Domestication • Dogs (Wolves) – 12,000 BCE • Sheep, Goats, Pigs – 8500 BCE • Cattle – 6500 BCE • Pastoralism develops by the Bronze Age (4000 BCE)

  17. The Agricultural Revolution Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

  18. Early Settled Communities • Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. • More permanent, settled communities emerged. • Fertile Crescent

  19. Jericho • One of the longest inhabited places on earth. • Around 9400 BCE had a pre-pottery civilization that had 70 dwellings (apartments), 1000 people, and huge walls. • Walls show co-operation between people, used mostly for keeping out river. • Settled in modern Israel near River Jordan.

  20. Jarmo • 7,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement – Wheat • Northern Iraq in outskirts of Zagros Mts. • Found bowls, stone sickles, cutters indicating agriculture. • Consisted of about 25 houses of adobe – about 150 people lived there.

  21. CatalHuyuk • 8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement at ÇatalHüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 10,000-6,000 inhabitants • 12 cultivated crops • Division of labor but not necessarily social class – women and men equal. • Engaged in trade An obsidian dagger • Organized religion – Mother Earth Figures • Buried Dead inside City • Small military

  22. Çatal Hüyük

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