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Supranationalism government beyond or above the state

Division or unification? Devolution or Suprantionalism? Devolution is the granting of powers from the central government of a Sovereign state to government at a subnational level,. Supranationalism government beyond or above the state.

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Supranationalism government beyond or above the state

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  1. Division or unification?Devolution or Suprantionalism?Devolution is the granting of powers from the central government of a Sovereign state to government at a subnational level,

  2. Supranationalism government beyond or above the state

  3. supranational organizations: collections of individual states with a common goal that may be economic and/or political in nature; such organizations diminish, to some extent, individual state sovereignty in favor of the group interests of the membership.

  4. The more states participate in such multilateral associations, the less likely they are to act alone in pursuit of a self-interest that might put them at odds with neighbors.

  5. States cooperate with each other for the following reasons: • military • political • economic

  6. Examples of Military Cooperation:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- a cross-Atlantic military alliance/organization An attack against one is an attack against all.

  7. The growth of NATO was a major concern to Russia, where this has become a leading political issue. Russia’s sense of encirclement on the Eurasian landmass has always been a factor in Russian nationalism.

  8. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation or SCO is an intergovernmental mutual-security organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

  9. Although the declaration on the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization contained a statement that it "is not an alliance directed against other states and regions and it adheres to the principle of openness", many observers believe that one of the original purposes of the SCO was to serve as a counterbalance to NATO and the United States and in particular to avoid conflicts that would allow the United States to intervene in areas bordering both Russia and China

  10. Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union, formed in 2004. More a version of the United Nations Security Council than a true military alliance. South American Defense Council (SADC) of the Union of South American Nations, developed form 2008. Full extent of provisions yet to be agreed.South Korea and the United States entered into a military alliance following the Korean War.

  11. Examples of political cooperation: African Union (AU): a cultural alliance to promote shared goals and resolve disputes

  12. Arab League: a multinational alliance of Muslim states in North Africa and Southwest Asia.

  13. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization (supranational) whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and the achieving of world peace established at the end of World War II.

  14. Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world has increased by more than a hundred

  15. It now includes 193 member states (not including the Taiwan, Kosovo, or the Vatican)

  16. The United Nations is not a world government; member states participate voluntarily. Although member states do not formally yield any sovereignty to the UN they may agree to abide by specific UN decisions.

  17. At the very least, the UN provides a place for the nations of the world to have dialogue.

  18. In a world where free trade and market-based development continues to grow, the UN has successfully improved: • problems of infant mortality, • nutrition, • education • in many parts of the world.

  19. The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action.

  20. International EconomicSanctions: penalties imposed by one or several states on another state to compel that state to amend its behavior. Economic sanctions include, but are not limited to, tariffs, trade barriers, and import duties. The most famous example of an economic sanction is the fifty-year-old United States embargo against Cuba.

  21. Economic sanctions are not always imposed because of economic circumstances. For example, the United States has imposed economic sanctions against Iran for years, on the basis that the Iranian government sponsors groups who work against US interests.

  22. The United Nations imposed stringent economic sanctions upon Iraq after the first Gulf War, and these were maintained partly as an attempt to make the Iraqi government co-operate with the UN weapons inspectors' monitoring of Iraq's weapons and weapons programs. These sanctions were unusually stringent in that very little in the way of trade goods were allowed into or out of Iraq during the sanction period.

  23. There is a United Nations sanctions regime imposed by UN Security Council against all Al-Qaida- and Taliban-associated individuals. The cornerstone of the regime is a consolidated list of persons maintained by the Security Council. All nations are obliged to freeze bank accounts and other financial instruments controlled by, or used for the benefit of, anyone on the list.

  24. List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolutions_1901_to_2000

  25. There are 15 members of the Security Council, consisting of 5 veto-wielding permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) 2009 map

  26. and 10 elected non-permanent members with two-year terms.

  27. One proposed measure is to increase the number of permanent members by five, which, in most proposals, would include Brazil, Germany, India, Japan (known as the G4 nations), one seat from Africa (most likely between Egypt, Nigeria or South Africa) and/or one seat from the Arab League. On 21 September 2004, the G4 nations issued a joint statement mutually backing each other's claim to permanent status, together with two African countries. Currently the proposal has to be accepted by two-thirds of the General Assembly (128 votes).

  28. The UN does not have its own army, so the Security Council borrows forces for each mission from the armies of member countries. Peacekeeping: nonaggressive use of military force to help nations in conflict reach a settlement.

  29. The UN’s peacekeeping forces play a neutral role, working to calm regional conflicts in several ways. They can:

  30. go into an area of conflict as observers, making sure agreements reached between opposing sides are being followed. provide a buffer between warring parties by physically interposing themselves in the middle.

  31. negotiate with military officers on both sides, providing a channel of communication.

  32. monitor cease-fires, supervise elections, and provide humanitarian aid.

  33. Despite problems, the United Nations’ peacekeeping role has continued to grow, and its successes have far outweighed its failures. In places such as East Timor and Kosovo, for example, UN peacekeepers have helped bring stability after upheavals in the late 1990s.

  34. More than 40,000 peacekeeping troops from some 80 UN member states are serving in

  35. Bosnia, the Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, East Timor, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Georgia, Iraq/Kuwait, Kashmir, Kosovo, Lebanon, various parts of the Middle East, Sierra Leone, and Western Sahara.

  36. Why do some Americans hate and fear the UN?The UN constrains the United States by creating the one coalition that can rival U.S. power—that of all other nations. Gun control Death penalty System of measurement

  37. The United States has a streak of isolationism in its foreign policy that runs counter to the idea of the UN.

  38. Mulitlateralism: decision making and participation by more than two countries, parties, etc.

  39. Unilateralism: one sided decision making and participation. Unilateralism may be preferred in those instances when it's assumed to be the most efficient.

  40. Larger states often act unilaterally, while the smaller ones may have little direct power. Multilateralism may involve multiple nations acting together as in the UN or may involve regional or military alliances, pacts, or groupings such as NATO.

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