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Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University. References. 何维 主编。 《 医学免疫学》第二版 ,人民卫生出版社 20 10 金伯泉 主编。《医学免疫学》第五版 人民卫生出版社 2008 Abbus A K, et al. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 7th Edition,Elsevier Saunders . 2012
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Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University
References • 何维 主编。《医学免疫学》第二版 ,人民卫生出版社 2010 • 金伯泉 主编。《医学免疫学》第五版 人民卫生出版社 2008 • Abbus A K, et al. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 7th Edition,Elsevier Saunders . 2012 • Janeway C A, et al. Immunobiology. 8th ed. Garland Science Publishing . 2012
Content • Introduction of Immunology • Brief History of Immunology
Introduction of Immunology • Concept of Immunity • Immune Response • Immune Cells • Tissues and Organs of the Immune System • Immunopathology
Immunity 1.Immunity: : Meaning the state of protection from infectious disease. In 430BC, a plaque in Athens, Those who recovered from the plaque would not contact the disease a second time. 2. Agents: microorganisms (viruses, bacteria etc) and their products, foods, chemicals, pollen, tumor cells, etc. 3.Immune system: immune tissues and organs, immune cells, immune molecules 4.Immune response: collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substances. 5.Immunology:study the structure of immune system and its functions.
Immune Response • Innate immune response natural immune response non-specific immune response • Adaptive immuneresponse acquired immune response specific immune response
Innate immunity mechanism of recognition • Pathogen associated molecules patterns(PAMPs):LPS,DNA,RNA,Protein • Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS):DNA,HSP • Pattern recognition receptors (PRR):Toll-like receptor(TLR) ,C-lectin recptor(CLR),RIG-I-Like recptor(RLR),NOD-like Receptor(NLR)
Innate Immunity Polly Matzinger
Lymphocytes 1.Lymphocytes (except NK cells) are wholly responsible for the specific immune recognition of pathogens, so they initiate adaptive immune responses. 2.Lymphocytes are derived from bone-marrow stem cells. 3.B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow. T lymphocytes develop in the thymus.
Introduction Antigen presenting cells (APC) • Dendritic cells (DC): powerful in antigen processing and presentation. • Macrophage: powerful in antigen processing and destruction, but low in antigen presentation.
Introduction Antigen presenting cells
Introduction Natural killer cells (NK) 1. 5-10% of blood lymphocytes, LGL 2. express neither T-cell nor B-cell antigen receptors
Phagocytic cells (Lung) Macrophage Attacking E. coli
Introduction Phagocytic cells • Monocytes (blood)/Macrophages (tissues) functions: 1. remove particulate antigens 2. take up, process and present antigenic peptides to T cells distribution: Kupffer cells in the liver microglial cells in the brain
Phagocytic cells monocyte neutrophil
Phagocytic cells • Polymorphonuclear granulocytes 1.neutrophils; basophils; eosinophils 2.neutrophils are short-lived phagocytic cells multilobed nucleus; 10-20 m 3.neutrophils have a large arsenal of antibiotic proteins granules: lysosomes; lactoferrin
Innate immunity mechanism of recognition • Pathogen associated molecules patterns(PAMPs):LPS,DNA,RNA,Protein • Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS):DNA,HSP • Pattern recognition receptors (PRR):Toll-like receptor(TLR) ,C-lectin recptor(CLR),RIG-I-Like recptor(RLR),NOD-like Receptor(NLR)
Innate Immunity Polly Matzinger
Tissues and organs of the immune system Primary (or central) lymphoid organs bone marrow thymus Secondary (or peripheral) lymphoid organs spleen lymph nodes Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Mucosal immune system (MIS) 1.non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria and submucosal areas of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. 2. tonsil, appendix, Peyer’s patches 3. B cell IgA IEL Adaptive immune ( T cell) 4. function: local (mucosal) immunity
Immunopathology • Hypersensitivity - overactive immune response • Immunodeficiency - ineffective immune response • Autoimmunity - inappropriate reaction to self antigens
Brief History of Immunology • 1. Empirical Immunology(AD1700-1900) • 2. Scientific Immunology(1900-1950s) • 3. Modern Immunology(1960s-Present)
Documents show that as early as AD 1000, the ancient Chinese custom existed of having children inhale powders made from the crusty skin lesions of patients recovering from smallpox
Jenner vaccination Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
Why Can we eradicate the smallpox? • • No animal reservoir • • Lifelong immunity • • Subclinical cases rare • • One serotype • • Effective vaccine • • Major commitment by governments
Lious Pasteur (1822~1895). • The genius of Pasteur carried him to the solution of many problems: the spoilage of beers and wines, with the accompanying pasteurization process; the discovery of anaerobic bacteria, virus vaccines, and attenuation of virulence; and studies of spontaneous generation. His studies in immunology have rightly earned him the position as father of the science.
Von Behring (1854~1917) discovered the antitoxin and the principles of antiserum therapy. He established one of the first corporations to product immunologic products.
Robert Koch (1843~1910) • for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"
Elie Metchnikoff (1845~1916) converted his discoveries of phagocytosis into a doctrine that gained many disciples from his coterie of students. He shared the Nobel Prize with Ehrlich in 1908.
Paul Ehrlich (1854~1915). • Selective theories(Paul Ehrlich,1900) The binding like the fitting of a lock with key,the side-chain specificity was determined before its exposure to Ag, and the Ag selected the appropriate side-chain receptor. • He shared the Nobel Prize with Metchnikoff in 1908.
Rodney R. Porter (1917~1985) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with Edelman in 1972. • Gerald M. Edelman (1929~) was only 43 years of age when he shared the Nobel Prize with Porter in 1972.
Antibody Diversity Susumu Tonegawa is a Japanese Scientist who won the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1987 "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
Peter C. Doherty Rolf M. Zinkernagel ”for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”