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Westward Expansion

This chapter explores the concept of Manifest Destiny, the belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It discusses the annexation of Texas, the boundary disputes over the Oregon Country, and the Mexican-American War leading to the acquisition of California and New Mexico. Key events, including Polk's presidential slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, highlighted the nation's ambition and the consequences of territorial expansion. This era shaped America's geography and identity.

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Westward Expansion

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  1. Westward Expansion Ch 12

  2. Manifest Destiny = term created in 1800’s, meant U.S. destined to possess all territory from Atlantic to Pacific. = we used this idea that it was our “destiny” to justify buying, fighting, or taking the remainder of the territory west of Lou territory.

  3. Annex = assume political control Cede or cession = surrender or give up by treaty

  4. Oregon Country Consists of : • Oregon • Washington • Idaho • Parts Wyoming & Montana

  5. Oregon Country • 1800 – Br, Sp, Russia, & US all claiming Oregon • 1818 Joint occupation – Br & US (Russia and Spain no longer claiming Oregon) • 1844 – “Fifty Four Forty or Fight” was James Polk’s Presidential campaign slogan – either we get boundary of 54-40 in Oregon or war. • 1846 – BR and US agree to N. boundary of 49 degrees (see pg 361)

  6. Mountain men a. First Americans in Oregon b. fur traders c. Lived in Rocky Mtns

  7. Texas Annexation 1823-25 • Mexico offered colonist large tracts of land. Cheap price & no taxes for 4 years • Colonists in return = convert to Catholicism, learn Spanish, obey Mex. Law

  8. Texas - 1830 Amer colonists out-numbered Mex colonists in Tx • Also Amer colonists did not adopt Mex ways • Result – Mex govt stopped all immigration from US • Also, Mex tax = discouraged trade between TX and US

  9. Texas 1836 – Battle of Alamo • Between TX and Mexico • Mexico won • Death of Davy Crocket

  10. Texas • Texas continues fighting for independence • 1836 Tex Indep. recongnized. TX only state that was its own country. • TX askes US to annex/take control of TX • Pres Andrew Jackson refuses because TX is a slave state and it would upset balance of free/slave states in Congress • Pres Polk finally annexes TX in 1845 and it becomes part of U.S.

  11. New Mexico & CaliforniaMexican Cession 1800’s New Mexico Territory consisted of: • New Mex, • Arizona, • Nevada • parts of Colorado and Utah

  12. New Mex & Calif - Originally Mexico colony of Spain • Spain’s plan to colonize Cali consisted of a mission system • Mission system = spread Christianity to Native Americans • Mexico abolished the mission system

  13. New Mex & Cali Why want California area? - scenry • Climate • Resources • Better to have Pacific ocean as a border, instead of a foreign power • Polk offered to buy Cali and NM from Mexico (Answer: NO!)

  14. Cali & New Mex • US picked fight with Mexico • US built fort along disputed Mexico/American border • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 (Polk) a. Mexico gave up claim to Texas b. Rio Grande – border c. Mexican cession = M. gave up Cali and New Mexico

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