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The Drama of the Ages Part II

Israel in the Times of the Gentiles. The Drama of the Ages Part II. A biblical and historical perspective on the contemporary Middle East. A New Cast of Players. Act II. A.D. 500 - 1800. The Drama of the Ages Part II. Israel among the Gentiles.

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The Drama of the Ages Part II

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  1. Israel in the Times of the Gentiles The Drama of the Ages Part II Abiblical and historical perspective on the contemporary Middle East A New Cast of Players Act II A.D. 500 - 1800

  2. The Drama of the Ages Part II Israel among the Gentiles • Act I The Lights Go Out on the Stage: A.D. 70 - 500 • Act II A New Cast of Actors: A.D. 500 - 1800 • Act III The Main Actors Return to the Stage: A.D. 1800 - 1948 • Act IV The Plot Thickens: A.D. 1948 -- 2002

  3. Act II A New Cast of Players 500 -1800 • As the Roman Empire declined, the Church of Rome progressively filled the political power vacuum in the region. (Rome fell in 476.) • The rise and rapid spread of Islam (632 – ) • The Holy Roman Empire (800 - 1805) • The Crusades (1095 - 1291) • The Inquisition (15th century) • The Reformation (1517 – ) • The Ottoman Empire (1516 - 1917) • World exploration (c.1450 – )

  4. Act II A New Cast of Players Medieval Period (Middle Ages) Enlightenment Period Renaissance Period Islamic Dominance as far as India Reception and Development of the Islamic Message Building of Political Islam Consolidation and Dominance of Christianity Post-Reformation Period Jewish transitions to modernity Islam invades Palestine The Reformation Ghettos Rabbinic/ Talmudic Period Crusades Inquisition I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1000 1500 1800 500

  5. Major Events Affecting Jews Destruction of Jerusalem Muslim Invasion of Palestine Conversion of Constantine Byzantine Period 70 312 638 I I I 01 500 1000 World Wars I and II Crusades “Black Death” Spanish Inquisition Ottoman Empire 1095-1291 1350 1492 1516 1917 I I I I I I 2000 1000 1500

  6. Anti-Jewish Movements • Crusades: War vs Muslims to “liberate Jerusalem” • En route to Palestine Crusaders attacked Jews. • In Jerusalem Jews were burned in their synagogues. • Fourth Lateran Council 1215: Accusations: • Host Desecration (stealing and stabbing the bread) • Blood Libel (killing and drinking blood at Passover) • Identifying marks (to be avoided, Jews wear badges) • The Inquisition Late -1400’s • Jews convert, leave Spain or are burned (John 15:6) • Over 350,000 Jews were killed. • The Reformation 1517 – • Feeling threatened, Catholics put Jews in ghettos. • Some Reformers wrote books attacking Jews.

  7. E Mount of Olives Mount of Olives Dome of the Rock (built in 692) Al Aksa Mosque Western Wall & Plaza Muslim Quarter Jewish Quarter Modern Jerusalem

  8. Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives (toward the West) Constructed by Muslims (692), the Dome of the Rock stands on the site of the temple. The Old City Wall dates from the 17th century.

  9. Rulers of Palestine1st Century A.D. to World War I • The Romans until the division of the empire (Rome in the West and Byzantium in the East) • The “Christian” Byzantines until the Moslems (315 - 638). • Moslem caliphs: ruled Palestine from Arabia, Syria and Egypt (638-1072). • The Crusaders (1095 - 1291). • The Mameluks ruled from Egypt (1291- 1516). • The Ottoman Empire (1516 - 1917). Note: There was no initiative to establish an Arab (“Palestinian”) nation in the land during the thirteen centuries of Islamic domination.

  10. Major Events Affecting Jews Destruction of Jerusalem Muslim Invasion of Palestine Conversion of Constantine Byzantine Period 70 312 638 I I I 01 500 1000 World Wars I and II Crusades “Black Death” Spanish Inquisition Ottoman Empire 1095-1291 1350 1492 1516 1917 I I I I I I 2000 1000 1500

  11. Palestine 1516 - 1917 • The population was sparse and largely nomadic. • The land was poorly cultivated, “a widely-neglected expanse of eroded hills, sandy deserts, malarial marshes.” • Ancient irrigation systems had crumbled. • Forests were cut down as the Turks taxed trees. • Mark Twain (1867): “. . . Road from Gaza to the north is only a summer track suitable for camels and carts . . . No orchards . . . Houses were all of mud . . . Schools do not exist . . . Villages were few and thinly populated . . . many deserted.” • Voltaire: “a hopeless, dreary place”

  12. Coming Next Session Act III The Main Actors Return to the Stage • The development of Zionism • The impact of World War I: • The end of the Ottoman Empire • Palestine liberated from the Turks • The Balfour Declaration: A homeland for the Jews • The return of many Jews to the land • The creation of new nations in the Middle East • The British Mandate for Palestine • Arab resistance to Jewish immigration to the land • World War II and the Holocaust • The establishment of the State of Israel

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