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Understanding Male Reproductive System: Anatomy & Function

Explore the intricate details of the male reproductive system, from the scrotum to the accessory glands, to understand sperm production, transportation, and ejaculation. Learn about the dual functions of the testes, epididymis, and more.

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Understanding Male Reproductive System: Anatomy & Function

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  1. Infertility • Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive a pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse.

  2. Human Reproduction

  3. Reproduction The process of forming new organisms from existing organisms. Why?

  4. Main functions Reproduction Includes • producing sperm and testosterone • male characteristics • transport of sperm • deposit sperm into the female

  5. Side view – male reproductive system bladder Sperm duct Seminal vesicle Prostate Ejaculatory duct rectum Urethra epididymis Penis testis Scrotum

  6. Major Components • scrotum • testes & epididymis • duct system • accessory glands • penis

  7. 1. Scrotum • Keeps the temperature just right for sperm development (2 -3°C) below core body temp

  8. 2 Testes – male gonads 2 major functions • produce sperm • Produce testosterone • Sperm formation begins here at puberty. lobule septae Seminiferous tubules

  9. 4. Epididymis • stores and protects sperm • sperm mature here • Sperm may be stored here for several months.

  10. 5. Sperm duct (vas deferens) • Connects epididymis to urethra

  11. 6. Urinary bladder • Stores and expels urine from the body. • Valve at the base of the bladder closes during ejaculation.

  12. 7. Urethra • extends from the bladder to the urethral opening • transports both urine and semen to the outside through the urethral opening

  13. 8. Penis • contains spongy erectile tissue that becomes filled with blood during sexual excitement → an erection.

  14. Passage of sperm (TESUP) Testis  Epididymis  Sperm duct (vas deferens)  Urethra  Penis

  15. 7. Accessory glands • Prostate • Seminal vesicles • Bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

  16. a. Prostate gland • ~ 40% of seminal fluid • Milky alkaline fluid • Acts as a pump during ejaculation

  17. b. Seminal vesicle • ~ 60% of semen • Has fructose an energy source for sperm

  18. c. Bulbo-urethral glands (cowper’s glands) • Fluid neutralises any urine residue in the urethra,

  19. Semen Semen = seminal fluid + sperm Functions • nourish sperm • neutralise acidity of female • fluid in which sperm can swim. 99% 1%

  20. Side view – male reproductive system Pubic bone Seminal vesicle urethra Erectile tissue Prostate gland Sperm duct (vas deferens) penis Urethral opening epididymis Bulbo-urethral gland scrotum

  21. Asexual One parent Offspring and parent – identical genetic make-up (clone). → no genetic variation in offspring Without sex - does not involve the union of two sex cells. Common in bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and some simple animals. Sexual Involves union of a male and female sex cell – fertilisation. Usually two parents. Offspring combination of genes from both parents → genetic variation in offspring. Common in plants and animals Reproduction Many simple organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

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