1 / 47

Cellular Reproduction

This guide explores the essential roles of cell division through mitosis and meiosis, focusing on cell replacement, growth, and asexual reproduction. It outlines the critical stages of mitosis—prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase—and delves into their functions, including DNA replication and chromosomal behavior. The section on meiosis highlights its significance for sexual reproduction, genetic variation, and the mechanisms like independent assortment and random fertilization that contribute to diversity in offspring.

guy
Télécharger la présentation

Cellular Reproduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cellular Reproduction Mitosis & Meiosis

  2. Functions of Cell Division • 1. Cell Replacement

  3. Functions of Cell Division • 2. Growth

  4. Functions of Cell Division • 3. Asexual Reproduction

  5. Requirement for Cell Division • Chromosomes must replicate so that each “daughter” cell gets an identical copy. • Process of “mitosis” • What is a chromosome? • Made up of “condensed” chromatin (DNA & protein) • Only visible when a cell is undergoing mitosis

  6. How DNA “Packs” Into a Cell

  7. How DNA “Packs” Into a Cell

  8. Fate of a Duplicated Chromosome

  9. Cell Cycle Cytokinesis G0 G0

  10. Interphase (prior to mitosis) • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  11. Stages of Mitosis • 1. Prophase (Early & Late) • 2. Metaphase • 3. Anaphase • 4. Telophase

  12. Early Prophase • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  13. Late Prophase • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  14. Metaphase • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  15. Anaphase • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  16. Telophase • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  17. Cytokinesis in Animal Cells • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  18. Cytokinesis in Plant Cells • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  19. “Quick” Summary of Mitosis • Early Prophase: Chromatin condenses • Late Prophase: Nuclear membrane breaks down • Metaphase: Chromosomes meet in the middle • Anaphase: Chromosomes move away • Telephase: Nuclear membrane reforms; chromatin reappears.

  20. “Quick” Summary of Mitosis • 1 DNA Replication; 1 Cell Division • Roles of Mitosis • Cell replacement • Growth of an organism • Asexual reproduction

  21. Onion Root Tip

  22. Somatic Cells (“Body” Cells) • 46 Chromosomes 11 22 33 X Y Maternal Paternal Homologous Chromosomes: Carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics Autosomes Sex Chromosomes (also carry many traits not related to sex)

  23. Homologous Chromosomes

  24. Meiosis: The Basis for Sexual Reproduction

  25. Meiosis: The Basis for Sexual Reproduction

  26. Meiosis: The Basis for Sexual Reproduction

  27. Meiosis: The Basis for Sexual Reproduction

  28. Interphase (prior to meiosis) • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  29. Prophase I • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  30. Metaphase I • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  31. Anaphase I • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  32. Telophase I • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  33. Interphase • Very short! • Important: There is NO duplication of chromosomes!

  34. Prophase II • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  35. Metaphase II • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  36. Anaphase II • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  37. Telophase II • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________ • _______________ _______________ _______________

  38. Why Sexual Reproduction Leads to Genetic Variation • 1. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes at Metaphase I

  39. Why Sexual Reproduction Leads to Genetic Variation • 1. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes at Metaphase I

  40. Why Sexual Reproduction Leads to Genetic Variation • 1. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes at Metaphase I

  41. Why Sexual Reproduction Leads to Genetic Variation • 2. Random Fertilization

  42. Why Sexual Reproduction Leads to Genetic Variation • 3. Crossing Over to Yield Recombinant Chromosomes

  43. Why Sexual Reproduction Leads to Genetic Variation • 3. Crossing Over to Yield Recombinant Chromosomes

  44. Nondisjunction: An Error in Meiosis

  45. Amniocentesis

  46. Karyotype Preparation

  47. Nondisjunction: An Error in Meiosis

More Related