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Evolution – evidence and types of data

Evolution – evidence and types of data. Natural Selection. Industrial melanism. The Fossil Record. Geologic strata in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. The Fossil Record. Green River Formation, WY and UT. Eocene in age. The Fossil Record. Timelines. Fossils: Links between groups.

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Evolution – evidence and types of data

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  1. Evolution – evidence and types of data

  2. Natural Selection Industrial melanism

  3. The Fossil Record Geologic strata in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

  4. The Fossil Record Green River Formation, WY and UT. Eocene in age

  5. The Fossil Record Timelines

  6. Fossils: Links between groups

  7. Fossil Record Major Transitions: from Fish to Amphibian Lobefin fish Eustenopteron Early amphibian Ichthyostega

  8. Major Transitions: from Fish to Amphibian Fish The Link Acanthostega Amphibian-like fish Amphibian

  9. The Fossils All represented in the fossil record Acanthostega Eustenopteron Ichthyostega

  10. Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures

  11. Comparative Anatomy Analogous structures

  12. Comparative Anatomy Vestigial structure

  13. Comparative Anatomy Vestigial structure Human appendix

  14. Comparative Embryology

  15. Molecular Record Molecular model of hemoglobin

  16. Molecular Record

  17. A phylogeny or cladogram

  18. The mechanics of change - Origin of Species and Speciation

  19. What is a species?

  20. Biological Species Concept (BSC)

  21. BSC is about genetic Isolation Haemulon flavolineatum Genome = Individual Gene pool = Population

  22. Coydog Coyote x domestic dog (Canis latrans x Canis familiaris)

  23. Isolating Mechanisms Premating Isolating mechanisms

  24. Isolating Mechanisms Premating Isolating mechanisms Postmating Isolating mechanisms

  25. Premating Isolating mechanism Habitat Isolation

  26. Habitat Isolation Canis latrans (coyote) Canis rufus (red wolf)

  27. Premating Isolating mechanism Behavioral Isolation

  28. Premating Isolating mechanism Behavioral Isolation Courtship coloration or displays in many animals Colisa lalia (male) (from India)

  29. Premating Isolating mechanism Behavioral Isolation

  30. Premating Isolating mechanism Temporal Isolation

  31. Premating Isolating mechanism Spawning marine sponge -- may involve temporal isolation

  32. Premating Isolating mechanism Mechanical Isolation

  33. Premating Isolating mechanism Gametic Isolation

  34. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus franciscanus Genetic isolation occurs in closely related species of sea urchins

  35. Postmating Isolating mechanisms

  36. Postmating Isolating mechanism Reduced hybrid viability

  37. Postmating Isolating mechanism Reduced hybrid fertility The hybrid: mule Donkey (male) Horse (female) This animal has no fitness.

  38. “That’s about as useful as a pair of breedin’ mules”

  39. Speciation

  40. Speciation Isolation then Divergence

  41. Two Speciation Models Allopatric speciation

  42. Two Speciation Models Sympatric speciation

  43. Allopatric speciation A physical barrier creates isolation

  44. Sciurus aberti kaibabensis (North Rim, Grand Canyon) Sciurus aberti aberti (South Rim, Grand Canyon)

  45. Allopatric Speciation: Islands

  46. Darwin’s Finches Galapagos Islands

  47. Sympatric Speciation Requires reproductive isolation WITHOUT physical barrier Is this possible?

  48. Sympatric Speciation Lake Mbo endemic cichlid fishes – 15 species Lake Mbo, Cameroun, Central Africa How did isolation occur?

  49. Sympatric Speciation Two sympatric European orchids with two different and highly specialized pollinators. Ophrys sicula Ophrys lutea

  50. Sympatric Speciation? Lake Victoria, East Africa

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