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Experience of Implemented CAMP and Suggestions for the Future

Experience of Implemented CAMP and Suggestions for the Future. CAMP “The Bay of Izmir” prepared by: Erdal Özhan. Brief description. Area : The Bay of Izmir, The Aegean Sea, Turkey Period : Phase I: 1988 - 1989 (CPP phase) Phase II: Oct 91 - Sept 93 (CAMP phase) Main issues:

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Experience of Implemented CAMP and Suggestions for the Future

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  1. Experience of Implemented CAMP and Suggestions for the Future CAMP “The Bay of Izmir” prepared by: Erdal Özhan

  2. Brief description • Area : The Bay of Izmir, The Aegean Sea, Turkey • Period : Phase I: 1988 - 1989 (CPP phase) Phase II: Oct 91 - Sept 93 (CAMP phase) • Main issues: • Rapid urban growth, including illegal squatters • Uncontrolled industrial development • Environmental degradation • Wastewater management & Water pollution of Izmir Bay • Institutional capabilities / weaknesses

  3. Activities (Not handled at all / Carried out) • Land-based sources and dumping protocol • Emergency protocol (contingency plan) and Marpol Convention • Monitoring of pollution in Izmir Bay • Study of the assimilative capacity of the Izmir Bay • Study of the recovery of the Inner Bay of Izmir • Implications of expected climatic changes • Training program on GIS • EIA of the submarine outfalls • Development-environment scenarios • Integrated planning study for the area of Izmir • Study of the protection criteria and measures for the Tuzla migratory birds nesting area

  4. Achievements of CAMP Influence of CAMP to the solution of priority environment-development problems: • Pollution of the Izmir Bay • EIA of the Izmir Sewage Treatment Project • Creation of a database on environmental / development issues and environmental zoning of the area of the MMI • Land use pattern and development - environment interactions • Integrated coastal and marine areamanagement .Integrated Management Study for the Area of Izmir – Recommendations

  5. Recommendations of CAMP “the Bay of Izmir” - Urgent measures • Modernization, technological transformation and/or relocation of polluting industries. • Closing down gradually of those industrial units, which are not able to comply with anti-pollution measures. • Preventing further concentration of industries; stimulating the existing ones to move from the Bornova Plain. • Establishing a consistent public control over the use and transaction of land, provision of serviced land for the low-income pollution. • Controlling the urban growth along the development axes in the bordering areas of Izmir. • Protecting the Tahtali Dam and its catchment areas, establishing effective control over the use of groundwater sources. • Enlarging and improving the existing Industrial Discharge Control Programme. • Stopping of illegal wastewater discharges. • Preventing the expansion of farming over ecologically fragile and erodable areas, as well as further inappropriate vegetation clearance for construction. • Encouraging afforestation activities and programs. • Monitoring the use of fertilizers in agriculture, especially those at Menemen. • Creating green belts and/or sanitary protection zones. • Protecting the remaining undeveloped and/or less densely developed coastal areas from inappropriate uses • Preventing the expansion of salt works towards the Homa Dalyan area. • Preparing an EIA of the proposed discharge of treated wastewater through the old bed of the Gediz River. • Examining alternative locations for port facilities and making the final decision before the Master Plan is started • Preparing a programme for curbing air pollution. It is necessary to extend the network of measuring stations and set up a comprehensive monitoring Programme. • Improving the existing day-to-day monitoring programme of the Bay aquatorium. . • Setting up a more efficient cooperation and coordination among the responsible national and regional institutions, as well as universities and institutes involved in research and monitoring the state of environment. • Strengthening the municipal departments responsible for urban planning and pollution control in the area. • Preparing a study of institutional arrangements to support integrated management of the Izmir area, and examining the establishment of a single authority. • Preparing a study on the application of economic instruments for environ. management. • Continuing the activities related to the establishment of the GIS database to support the Master Plan preparation, setting up a GIS Steering Group.

  6. Achievements of CAMP (2) Improvement of institutional capacities of ICAM: • Proposal to establish an “Integrated Coastal Management Committee” at the local level for the implementation of the ICAM process. • Capacity building within the MMI, in the Dept. of Planning and Public Health, throughout the project (e.g. GIS lab, database).

  7. Achievements of CAMP (3) Application of tools and techniques of ICAM: • The data base and GIS • EIA • Integrated management plan (?) • Economical instruments (?)

  8. Achievements of CAMP (4) Formulation and implementation of national policies and strategies: Since CAMP “the Bay of Izmir” was a project at the municipal level, its contribution to national policies and strategies was limited.

  9. Achievements of CAMP (5) Dissemination and exchange of experience (local, national, regional/international level): • Transfer of the experiences of PAP/RAC and MEDU of the Mediterranean Action Plan, and those of the foreign experts to the programme. • CAMP “The Bay of Izmir” was later used in a comparative study of the integrated coastal management projects in the Mediterranean.

  10. Achievements of CAMP (6) Training and capacity building: • A training course on the methodology of integrated planning (December 1989) • Training program on GIS (June 91 to December 91)

  11. Description of the follow-up activities • Follow-up activities: • Over a period of more than 8 years since the conclusion of CAMP “the Bay of Izmir” in September 1993, there have been numerous developments on the wide range of issues that were addressed by the recommendations. However, it is more or less impossible to relate many of these developments to the direct impact of the project • Water quality monitoring in the Bay of Izmir. • Strategic Spatial Development Plan for Metropolitan Izmir and the Immediate Surroundings(2000 - ) • Local Agenda 21 Izmir formed the “Izmir Coastal Area Management Group (ICAMG)” in the context of the UNDP-supported project named “Implementation of Local Agenda 21 in Turkey”. (November 2001)

  12. Main actors and donors • Main actors: • Metropolitan Municipality of Izmir • Dokuz Eylul University • Governorate of Izmir • Donors: • Metropolitan Municipality of Izmir • UNDP

  13. Assessment of the management of CAMP • Strategic issues vs. local actions: • Capacity building in the Metropolitan Municipality of Izmir (MMI) • Integration of activities: • Medium to poor

  14. Assessment of the management of CAMP (2) • Co-operation between national and local authorities • Medium to good • Public participation • Poor • Involvement of stakeholders • Poor

  15. Lessons learned • Strong points: • Selection of the water quality management of Izmir Bay as one of the main issues. • Achievement of a level of vertical integration in the project. • The use of a number of modern concepts and management tools. • Introduction of the ICAM process to the Turkish authorities. • The capacity building throughout the project. • Active involvement of several employees of the MMI in the project. • Production of several documents that contributed to the expertise in the country on planning and environmental management.

  16. Lessons learned (2) • Shortcomings: • The scope of the project: too ambitious? • A few “action” type products. • Low level of integration between Phase I and II. • Low level of involvement of other stakeholders (public, NGO’s, private sector). • The number of local experts involved. • Absence of a well-defined follow-up program.

  17. Recommendations for the improvement • Formulation • Involvement of larger number of experts and interested parties. • Collaboration with the regional scientific and professional networks. • Target “action” type products, aim to start the “process of change” during the project period. • Modest scope. • Aim the improvement of the current practices rather than changing significantly the system • The “criteria of success”?

  18. Recommendations for the improvement • Implementation • The use of local experts as many as possible. • “Action” based approach. • Media coverage, public meetings and workshops to make public the progress of the project. • Follow-up • Well-defined follow-up program (the lead institutions, time frame) • Sources of funding for the follow-up activities

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