Mapping Smallholder Dairy Sector Change and the role of SDP

1. Mapping Smallholder Dairy Sector Change and the role of SDP Process and Partnerships for Pro-Poor Policy Change, Project Initiation Workshop 2 ILRI, 21st February 2005

2. Workshop Purpose To collect, organise, enrich, validate and prioritise relevant information about SDP and construct a detailed case study description for the SDP case study

3. Workshop Objectives By the end of the workshop, participants will have: • collected, mapped, validated and enriched descriptive information about SDP project including: • the objectives; • achievements; • key actors; • changes in behaviours • project time-line; • critical external and internal events; • identified the reasons behind the key changes over the life of the project; • identified issues for further investigation.

4. Process: Day 1. • Introduction 2. Describing the Policy Environment 3. Identification of Key Actors 4. Key Actors Behaviour Day 2 5. Project’s Internal and External Environment 6. Identifying Links 7. Conclusions & issues for further research

5. Exercise 1: How the smallholder dairy sector has changed in Kenya

6. The Smallholder Dairy Sector in Kenya • Write on a piece on card: ‘what has changed in the smallholder dairy sector in Kenya in the last few years’ • One idea one card • Stick them on the wall

7. Group Work 1: How the smallholder dairy sector has changed in Kenya

8. Policy Change • Policy is what policy does • Policy = • Ideas and agendas • Policy development • Policy documents & legislation • Policy implementation • Policy impact • Impact

9. Causality • Source: • Internal (from within the process itself – eg policy change leads to practical programmes) • External (from outside – eg ↓ land availablity, or ↑ cost of inputs) • Linkages: External Internal Policy Attitudes Behaviour Practice

10. The Project & Dairy Policy Environment Group One (SDP Staff) • Using the cards on the wall, develop a visual diagram of SDP project time-line and key events. Groups Two (Field Staff) and Three (Policy Staff): • Describe the current policy context for smallholder dairy sector in Kenya NOW • Describe the policy context for smallholder dairy sector in Kenya in (1996) • Identify any key external events which have influenced these changes. • Write the answers on newsprint.

11. Brainstorm/Exercise: Key Stakeholders

12. Key Actors From this list of key actors: • Choose what you think are the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd most important (biggest impact on policy), • write the stakeholder name & why they were influential on coloured cards (1st, Yellow, 2nd Green, 3rd Blue) • Stick up on wall in order of importance.

13. ILRI/ODI SDP Evaluation Workshop - Day 2

14. Recap / Programme for Day 2 Day 1. 1. Describing the Policy Environment 2. The Smallholder Dairy project 3. Identification and ranking of key actors Day 2 4. Introduction – the DELIVERI project 5. Key actors’ behaviour 6. Project’s Internal and External Environment 7. Identifying Links

15. The DELIVERI Project • 5-year DFID-funded “action-research” programme to improve livestock services in Indonesia(the project) • Changes in behaviour in the project, DGLS and External Environment(project changes) • Changes in behaviour in DFID (dfid changes)

16. Causal Links 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DFID Livelihoods Approach Emphasis on PIP Box Mutiny / Recovery Action Research Focus on Policy The Project “Abnormal” behaviour Dept, Livestock Services Good Collaboration Pressure on project Policy change Support by DG Focus on Decentralis’n External Environment Economic crisis

17. Group work: Behaviour of the Key Actors

18. Behaviour of Key Actors • For your stakeholders, describe: • Their “behaviour and attitudes” now • Their “behaviour and attitudes” in 1996 • Key points when their “behaviour and attitudes” changed in between” • Why they changed and what impact that change had on others • Write on cards and stick up on the wall under the timeline

19. Changes in External Environment • Collapse of KCC followed by its revival • Collapse of government-provided AI services, followed by replacement by private AI services. • Collapse of other economic sectors (e.g. coffee). • Change of government, with new policies, strategies and vision (more democratic, fewer powerful individuals; KCC and AI services revitalised) • Withdrawal of donor support of programmes. • Increase in population growth. • Collapse of infrastructure. • Poor general economic situation. • Limited innovation in product marketing.

20. Group work: Key changes in behaviour in the SDP project and among external actors

21. Behaviour of SDP & External Actors • Group 1 (SDP Project): • Identify the key points when project “behaviour” changed & identify why it changed and what impact that change had on others • Group 2 (External Actors): • Identify the key points when external actors “behaviour” changed & identify why it changed and what impact that change had on others • Write on cards and stick up on the wall under the timeline

22. Plenary: Identifying cause and effect

23. Identifying Cause and Effect • Looking at the time-chart on the wall • Identify what caused the key behaviour changes and what effect that had on other actors • Draw lines (use ribbon) to indicate these linkages • Try to assess the relative importance of the linkages

24. Recap / Programme for Day 3 Day 2. 1. The DELIVERI project 5. Key actors’ behaviour 6. Project’s Internal and External Environment 7. Identifying Links Day 3 • Complete the map • Identify issues for further investigation • Identify key episodes for detailed study • Identify focus for episode study

25. First attempt at mapping: • New Cards: • Public and media response to safe milk campaign • Advocacy NGOs started working with SDP • NGOs organise a meeting with the minister • Dairy Processors percieve SP as a threat 3 2 4 1

26. What it should(?) look like:

27. Still to do: • Complete the map: • Check SDP behaviour line – are all “changes in behaviour”(activities by others should be in outhers’ lines) • Map project impact on behaviours • Map external influences • Identify issues for further investigation & who to talk to • Identify key episodes within the project for detailed study (case studies within the case study) • Identify focus for an episode study (the current review of the Dairy Act?)

28. 17 20 21 22 23 25 20 27 30 18 28 2 2 9 29 34 29 24 29 32 19 16 35 33 26 31 11 1 8 6 7 2 4 5 Direct Impact Linkages Indirect Impact External Impact 15 3 12 10 2 14 13