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Inherited Brain Cancer

Inherited Brain Cancer. By: Cassandra Shulfer Elizabeth Nachman Sierra White. What is B rain Cancer?. Brain cancer begins when some cells in the brain begin to grow abnormally. A brain tumor, or cancer, has many stages to it.

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Inherited Brain Cancer

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  1. Inherited Brain Cancer By: Cassandra Shulfer Elizabeth Nachman Sierra White

  2. What is Brain Cancer? • Brain cancer begins when some cells in the brain begin to grow abnormally. • A brain tumor, or cancer, has many stages to it. • The four grades of a tumor are: Grade 1- the tumor grows slowly. Grades 2-4 : keeps growing, and can become more lethal.

  3. EFFECTS OF BRAIN CANCER Headaches Loss of sight Seizures Vomiting Double Vision Hearing loss Unsteadiness or Imbalance Impaired Speech Inability to Write Lack of Recognition Spatial Disorders Difficulty Speaking/Swallowing Behavioral/Emotional Changes Muscle Weakness in One Side of Body or Face Dizziness

  4. Cures for Cancer • Radiation therapy is one type of treatment for cancer • Chemotherapy is another type of treatment for cancer • Today the therapy we have isn’t working on brain cancer well and new therapy is sorely needed

  5. Radiation Therapy • Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. • It can be used either through an external or internal process.

  6. Chemotherapy • Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. • Chemotherapy drugs are taken by mouth or an injection in a muscle or vein. • Some dangerous long-term side effects of chemotherapy may be heart and kidney problems, risk of a second cancer, nerve damage, infertility, or damage to lung tissue.

  7. Glioblastoma • The most common and aggressive type of brain cancer is Glioblastoma • Accounts for 52% of all brain tumor cases

  8. Survival • Fewer than one in 50 diagnosed with brain cancer survive for five years • The average survival time with glioblastoma is 14 months • With deletions and glitches in the cancer cells survival time is decreased

  9. Gene Defects • A deletion in the NFKBIA gene keeps the cancer cells from making protein • A glitch in the cancer cells can amplify the EGFR gene • 5% of tumors carry both defects reducing survival rates

  10. Effects of Defects • With the deletion of the NFKBIA gene survival time is reduced to 46 weeks • With the EGFR glitch survival time is at 53 weeks • It is not determined how long the survival time is for patients with both defects

  11. High and Low Risk • Genetic variants can be high-risk or low-risk • Inheriting high and low-risk can increase or decrease risks for glioblastoma by 50% • 10% of people get this risk but some even with high genetic risk don't get cancer

  12. Chromosome Risks • Scientists did studies on chromosome numbers five, nine, and twenty and found results in number nine • Chromosome nine is a very dangerous because it is crowded with risk variants for diseases • A well known cancer gene is found in chromosome nine called p16

  13. Chromosome Nine • One side of chromosome nine has genetic variants associated with diabetes and heart disease • On the other side is familiar cancer-associated gene called p16 • Along with p16 there is p15 but it isn’t as well associated with cancer

  14. Gene p16 • Mutations like the NFKBIA in p16 gene increase risk of inherited cancer • The NFKBIA deletion in p16 keeps the cancer cells from making proteins • Without proteins the cell cycle doesn’t regulate the cell reproduction causing the cancer to spread

  15. Cancer Cell Cycle • The cell cycle monitors the reproduction of cells • Without protein the cell cycle can’t function • The cell cycle is the asexual reproduction of cells • Without the protein to help control and regulate the asexual reproduction they produce too many cells causing the cancer

  16. Inherited Brain Cancer • Old cancer cases had only 5% inherited • New cancers have increased the inherited cases to 20%

  17. Thank You For Watching!!!!

  18. Works Cited • Norris, Jeffrey. "Brain Cancer Linked to Inherited Genetic Risk | Www.ucsf.edu." University of California, San Francisco | Www.ucsf.edu. 5 July 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2009/07/8190/genetic-risk-brain-cancer-glioma-called-glioblastoma>. • Weiss. "Genetics of Brain Tumors." Pub Med.com. 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106272>. • Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified." Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified. 9 Mar. 2009. Web. • Goodman, Brenda. "Genetic Defect at Work in Deadly Brain Tumors." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Laura J. Martin. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/news/20101222/genetic-defect-at-work-deadly-brain-tumors>. • "GlioblastomaMultiforme." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 9 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioblastoma_multiforme>. • "P16 (gene)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P16_(gene)> • "The Cell Cycle And cancer." PSNA Plus. Kathleen Collins, Tyler Jacks, Nikola P. Pavletch, 1 Apr. 1997. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://www.pnas.org/content/94/7/2776.full>

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