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DNA: Structure and History

DNA: Structure and History. Biology. DNA is a chemical !!. Strawberries. Human. Functions of DNA:. - stores all your body’s information Passes information from parents to offspring (heredity or hereditable characteristics). DNA is made of smaller parts called: Nucleotides.

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DNA: Structure and History

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  1. DNA: Structure and History Biology

  2. DNA is a chemical!! Strawberries Human

  3. Functions of DNA: -stores all your body’s information Passes information from parents to offspring (heredity or hereditable characteristics)

  4. DNA is made of smaller parts called:Nucleotides • Nucleotides contain 3 parts: • Phosphate • Sugar • Nitrogen Base

  5. Things to Know: • There are four types of nitrogen bases in DNA: A- adenine T- thymine C- cytosine G- guanine

  6. Things to Know: • There are two sides to DNA Sides are: -Phosphate -Sugar Steps are: base pairs

  7. Things to Know: Base Pair Rule: A-T are complimentary C-G are complimentary

  8. Can you see the ladder?

  9. The DNA ladder is twisted This twist is called a “helix”

  10. DNA is called the double helix because it is a two sided, twisted ladder.

  11. History… • 1952 – Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction to show helical structure of DNA

  12. One of the biggest event in DNA history… • 1953 – James Watson and Francis Crick discover the 3-D structure of DNA

  13. The Basics 1. All living things have DNA

  14. The Basics 2. The amount and sequence (or order) of ATGC makes us different from each other and other living things

  15. 3. Small parts of the DNA that contain a specific instruction is known as a gene

  16. 4. Genes in the DNA are the body’s directions for making proteins • Proteins make us: • look the way we do • function the way we do • develop and grow the way we do • behave the way we do • think the way we do We will discuss this throughout the unit!!!

  17. 5. Chromosomes are: packaged DNA found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells

  18. 6. All species have a set number of chromosomes. Humans= 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Fruit fly= 8 chromosomes Rice = 12 chromosomes Dog= 72 chromosomes Yeast= 32 chromosomes Goldfish= 100 chromosomes

  19. Which of the following would correspond to DNA, genes and chromosomes? Alphabet Sentence Words

  20. You and the person next to you have 99.9% the same DNA!! How is that possible? Discuss and Explain!!!

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