Comenius – cultural change & sport

1. Comenius – cultural change & sport By sam tasker

2. Rugby union • Is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. It is played with an oval-shaped ball on a field up to 100 metres (330 ft) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide with H-shaped goal posts on each goal line. • William Webb Ellis is often credited with the invention of running with the ball in hand in 1823 at Rugby School when he allegedly caught the ball while playing football and ran towards the opposition goal. Although the evidence to support the Ellis story is doubtful (the story did not appear until three years after Ellis's death, and records show rugby's inception precedes that of football), it was immortalised at the school with a plaque unveiled in 1895. In 1848, the first laws were written by pupils other significant events in the early development of rugby include the Blackheath Club's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the split between rugby union and rugby league in 1895.

3. The Rules • Lines everywhere! Some solid, some dashed. What do they all mean and which are most important? • Get to know more about the basic rugby rules by learning about the field, also known as the rugby pitch. • Look at the field. It's a great place to start your basic rugby rules. Easy, step by step

4. How Rugby Is Played • Players run all over the place! What's going on? • The ball is kicked to start the game. • You then carry, throw, kick or give the ball, usually but not necessarily to other players in your team. • When you are the ball carrier you may carry the ball in any direction. • Your team wants to get the ball onto or over the opposition goal-line. • Any player may pass throw or give the ball to any another player - BUT only if the ball does not travel forward of your position on the field. • Any player may kick the ball in any direction. • The objective is to ground the ball in the in goal area of the opposition. When you sidestep you will evade opponents when you carry the ball

5. Scrum • Following some infringements of the rules play is restarted with a scrum. • Eight players from each time bind together in their own 3-4-1 formation in a crouching position. • The two formations engage each other head on to form a single mass off 16 players. • The ball is then put into the tunnel between the opposing formations and each team attempts to get control of the ball with their feet. • Find out more about the scrum in the pages about how to play rugby

6. It’s Good To Know The Rules • It`s good to know the basic rugby rules, but. • There`s no substitute for knowing all the rules of rugby! • Now you`ve got the essentials, let them sink in. Then you can take in more of the details of rugby rules. • The more you know, the more confident you`ll be that you`re playing correctly. It`s important you avoid giving away penalties. • Fair play is the foundation for basic rugby rules. • Principles of the Game and Principles of the Laws are well worth reading. • They`re part of a huge document. Download it when you have plenty of time and plenty of disk space!

7. What Is Maul • In a maul the ball is held off the floor and all the players must try to stay on their feet.

8. What Is A Ruck • In a ruck the ball is on the ground and must not be handled by any of the players.