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Theories of Crime

Theories of Crime. Sociological Theories of Crime. Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act. Sociological Theories of Crime. Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act Structural theories. Sociological Theories of Crime.

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Theories of Crime

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  1. Theories of Crime

  2. Sociological Theories of Crime • Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act

  3. Sociological Theories of Crime • Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act • Structural theories

  4. Sociological Theories of Crime • Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act • Structural theories • Most people have similar aspirations • Differential opportunity

  5. Sociological Theories of Crime • Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act • Structural theories • Most people have similar aspirations • Differential opportunity • Rational crime

  6. Sociological Theories of Crime • Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act • Structural theories • Most people have similar aspirations • Differential opportunity • Rational crime • Subcultural theories • Crime is the product of a deviation from the law

  7. Sociological Theories of Crime • Social or cultural forces that exist prior to any criminal act • Structural theories • Most people have similar aspirations • Differential opportunity • Rational crime • Subcultural theories • Crime is the product of a deviation from the law • Reaction formation

  8. Psychological Theories of Crime • Psychoanalytic theories • Freud: inadequate identification with parents

  9. Psychological Theories of Crime • Psychoanalytic theories • Freud: inadequate identification with parents • Compulsive need for punishment to eliminate guilt

  10. Psychological Theories of Crime • Psychoanalytic theories • Freud: inadequate identification with parents • Compulsive need for punishment to eliminate guilt • Bowlby: attachment theory • If bond with mother broken the child develops an inability to form functional social relationships

  11. Psychological Theories of Crime • Personality defects • Antisocial personality disorder aka psychopathy

  12. Psychological Theories of Crime • Personality defects • Antisocial personality disorder aka psychopathy • Cortical immaturity impairs executive function

  13. Psychological Theories of Crime • Personality defects • Antisocial personality disorder aka psychopathy • Cortical immaturity impairs executive function • Stimulation-seeking

  14. Psychological Theories of Crime • Personality defects • Antisocial personality disorder aka psychopathy • Cortical immaturity impairs executive function • Stimulation-seeking • Parental patterns

  15. Social Psychological Theories • Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modeling

  16. Social Psychological Theories • Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modeling • Attend

  17. Social Psychological Theories • Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modeling • Attend • Retain

  18. Social Psychological Theories • Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modeling • Attend • Retain • Reproduce

  19. Social Psychological Theories • Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modeling • Attend • Retain • Reproduce • Reinforcement

  20. Social Psychological Theories • Social Learning Theory • Vicarious learning or modelling • Attend • Retain • Reproduce • Reinforcement Influences: familial, subcultural, symbolic

  21. Social Psychological Theories • Constitutional Learning Theory (Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985)

  22. Social Psychological Theories • Constitutional Learning Theory (Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985) • Ratio of gains and losses

  23. Social Psychological Theories • Constitutional Learning Theory (Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985) • Ratio of gains and losses • Time discounting

  24. Social Psychological Theories • Constitutional Learning Theory (Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985) • Ratio of gains and losses • Time discounting • Equity theory

  25. Social Psychological Theories • Constitutional Learning Theory (Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985) • Ratio of gains and losses • Time discounting • Equity theory • Constitutional factors: gender, arousal, impulsivity

  26. Biological Theories of Crime • Somatic typology (Sheldon, 1942) • Endomorph • Mesomorph • Ectomorph

  27. Biological Theories of Crime Heritability studies Table from p. 119 Are biological parents or adoptive parents criminal? Nos. in parentheses are the total number of adopted males for each cell. (Mednick, Gabrielli & Hutchings, 1984)

  28. Biological Theories of Crime Correlation between criminal convictions of adoptee and biological parents, but not adoptive parents (Mednick, et al., 1994). .7 for monozygotic twins; .4 for dizygotic twins in terms of their criminality vs. non-criminality (Cloninger et al., 1978)

  29. Biosocial Theory of Crime • Eysenck (1973) • Extraversion • Psychoticism • Neuroticism

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