html5-img
1 / 14

Theories of Crime & Deviance

Theories of Crime & Deviance. Demonology Classical & Neo-Classical Theory Positivism & the Ecological Approach Biological Theories Psychological Approaches Sociological Approaches. Demonology. Crime caused by demonic activity Offender to be purged of evil presence. Classical Theory.

PamelaLan
Télécharger la présentation

Theories of Crime & Deviance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Theories of Crime & Deviance • Demonology • Classical & Neo-Classical Theory • Positivism & the Ecological Approach • Biological Theories • Psychological Approaches • Sociological Approaches

  2. Demonology • Crime caused by demonic activity • Offender to be purged of evil presence

  3. Classical Theory • Origin: about 1764 • Founders: Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham • Based on ‘hedonistic calculus’ • Punishment should fit the crime • Punishment should be applied equally

  4. Neo-Classical Theory • Introduced idea of mitigating factors • Age & situational context taken into account

  5. Positivism & the Ecological Approach • Positivism – emphasizes measuring, accumulating & assessing data • Ecological approach identified relationships between criminality and geographical & social factors

  6. Biological Approaches • Core ideas: • Biological and mental traits make some people crime-prone. • These traits are inherited and present at birth. • Mental and physical degeneracies are the cause of crime.

  7. Lombroso & Biological Atavism • Study of inmates • Physical characteristics of inmates differ from law-abiding citizens • Problems with atavism

  8. Sheldon & Somatatyping • Temperament affected by body type • Endomorph • Ectomorph • mesomorph

  9. XYY THEORY • Based on studies of inmates • “super-male” • Problems with xyy theory

  10. Genetic Predispositions • Some individuals predisposed to: • Alcoholism • Suicide • Mental illness • Other deviant and criminal behavior

  11. Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviour • Chemical and Environmental Precursors • *eating habits, vitamin deficiencies, blood • sugar levels • * Dan White and the Twinkie Defence” • * Robert Parsons and the “sugar blackout' defence • Hormones and Criminality • Testosterone, pre-menstrual syndrome • Christine English and Dr. Geraldine Richeter

  12. Psychological approaches • Focus on the individual (cognitive, behavioral, neurological, developmental) • Examples: • psychoanalytic theory • Psychopathy

  13. The Psychopath • Lack empathy and guilt • Highly manipulative • Emotionally shallow • Often outwardly charming • History of violence & abuse • Abnormal physiological responses to stressors

  14. Sociological Approaches • Micro sociology emphasizes social processes • Example: learning the symbols of a culture/subculture • Macrosociology emphasizes social structures • Example: class inequalities cause crime

More Related