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Traumatic Brain Injury: TBI

Traumatic Brain Injury: TBI. A Look at This CONDITION and Why It Can Affect Cognitive Abilities. TBI-Traumatic Brain Injury. First, what is traumatic brain injury?

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Traumatic Brain Injury: TBI

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  1. Traumatic Brain Injury:TBI A Look at ThisCONDITION and Why It Can Affect Cognitive Abilities.

  2. TBI-Traumatic Brain Injury • First, what is traumatic brain injury? • TBI is damage to the brain caused by anything that would be acquired-such as BIRTH DEFECT, TUMORS, STROKES, or an automobile accident. • TBI is specific as it implies trauma to the brain caused by an internal or external force. • Hydrocephalus is an example of TBI injury.

  3. TBI BRAIN Functions • The specific injury to the brain may be in a particular part of the brain, OR may be diffused to many different parts of the brain. • The brain has many parts including the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and the cerebellum.

  4. Overview of TBI • TBI can significantly affect many cognitive, physical, and psychological skills. • Physical problems can include ambulation, balance, coordination, fine motor skills, strength, and endurance. • Cognitive deficits of language and communication, information processing, memory, and perceptual skills are common in individuals who suffer from a TBI.

  5. A Little Background. . . . • Hydrocephusis an example of a traumatic brain injury. • It is a condition that an individual develops while in the womb before birth. • Normally, the procedure that is done, is performed on a child with this condition when they are in their first year of life. -The doctors would insert a shut within the brain. -This procedure involves more than 1 surgery.

  6. What HAPPENED? • Fluid filled the ventricles and was unable to exit them, causing them to expand and put pressure on the brain. • Initially, the problem was not recognized because as parts of the brain were destroyed other parts could take over the function. • Finally when the enough damage was done the condition became apparent.

  7. Pre Surgery • This is an MRI scan of patient A’s brain. • This is the condition called hydrocephalus.

  8. Post Surgery • This is an MRI scan that was done a year after surgery.

  9. Post Surgery 2 • This is a CINA MRI picture of fluid passing through the hole that was created in the bottom of the 3rd ventricle by the procedure.

  10. Surgery Described • First, an incision was made, the route of approach was to the lateral ventricle on the non-dominant side .

  11. Surgery Described • The surgery that was done is called a 3rd ventricul-ostomy.

  12. Surgery Was Done. . .To Help Correct the Problem • The surgery involved making a hole in the top part of the ventricle, then making another hole in the bottom part of the ventricle and cauterizing it. • This enabled the fluid to drain from the ventricle and surround and cushion the brain.

  13. Normal Brain • This is a lateral view of a ‘normal’ brain without trauma.

  14. Vertical View and Side View of the Brain • This is a view from a medical journal, that shows what a ‘normal’ brain should look like when a CT scan is done.

  15. Severe Hydrocephalus • This is an example of normally sized ventricles directly compared to abnormally sized ventricles.

  16. Summary • Pressure on the brain caused changes in cognitive functioning with the example used. • Following surgery function may return, but there may be some irrevocable damage that manifests itself as a learning disability. • Other learning problems may include ADD/ADHD.

  17. Work Cited Page-references • Magnetic resonance images -Patient: Sandra Bailly (D.O.B. 12/5/78) -Date of MRI 4/26/99. • The CIBA collection of medical illustrations of the nervous system. Volume I. Netter, frank, H. 1982.

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