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Crete, September 2013 GOSEM SS Prof . Panebianco Stefania stefapnb@unict.it

Crete, September 2013 GOSEM SS Prof . Panebianco Stefania stefapnb@unict.it University of Catania. The The EU as a divided power in the Mediterranean. The EU as an international actor in the post- Arab Spring. The literature on the EU as a global actor :

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Crete, September 2013 GOSEM SS Prof . Panebianco Stefania stefapnb@unict.it

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  1. Crete, September 2013 GOSEM SS Prof. Panebianco Stefania stefapnb@unict.it University of Catania The The EU as a dividedpower in the Mediterranean

  2. The EU as an internationalactor in the post-Arab Spring The literature on the EU as a global actor: - EU as: an ‘actor’ (Sjøstedt, 1976), a ‘presence’ (Allen and Smith, 1990; 1998), having a ‘role’ (Hill, 1993; 1998)or an ‘impact’ (Ginsberg, 2001); playingroles (Elstroem & Smith, 2006. - EU aspower: ‘civilian’ (Duchêne, 1972); ‘normative’ (Manners, 2002); ‘ethical’ [‘liberal superpower’ (Youngs, 2010: 2); ‘force for good’ (Barbé & Johansson-Nogué, 2008)], ‘divided’ (Panebianco, 2012).

  3. The EU and the Med: a normative versus a realistapproach? Democratization Stability, Prosperity and Security “Norms and interests are inextricably linked” REGIONAL CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS NORMATIVE RETHORIC ≠ The normative power Europe paradigm : the EU is characterized by a set of common principles shared by its Member States, which act as a whole diffuse ideals such as democracy and rule of law in other region. (Manners, 2002) The EU as a normal actor seeks its own interests (Wood, 2009); the realist critique (Hyde-Price, 2006, 2008)

  4. Democracy Promotion European Union as democracy promoter Democratic Institution-Building Socio-Economic Pluralism Economic Development DEMOCRACYas the solution for economic underdevelopment, instability and insecurity ( Democratic Peace Theory)

  5. The EU Democracy Support after Spring 2011 A Renovated Strategyto achieve ‘deepdemocracy’ Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean countries (Commission’s Communication "A new response to a changing Neighbourhood”, 8 March 2011; Joint Communication by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European Commission “A New Response to a Changing Neighbourhood. A review of European Neighbourhood Policy”, 25 May 2011; Joint Communication on “Supporting Closer Co-operation and Regional Integration in the Maghreb”, 20 December 2012). This Partnership requires a ‘differentiated’ approach reflecting the reform progress of each country and relies upon three elements: • democratic transformation and institution-building, • a stronger partnership with the people (specific emphasis on civil society), • sustainable and inclusive growth and economic development especially support to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Pragmaticchange: from a policy of containment to a policy of engagement (Behr, 2013)

  6. The ‘new’ principles and criteria of EU democracysupportstrategy • More for more (e.g. Tunisia) • 3 Ms: money, mobility, markets Reviewing and adjusting EU Neighbourhood Policy Moving towards advanced status in Association Agreements Enhancingpoliticaldialogue EuropeanEndowment for Democracy It is a new reframing of the traditional EU’s discourse on democracy promotion (CDA byTeti)

  7. The EU as a dividedpower in the Mediterranean? Adaptive policy Lowest common denominator policy ‘Schizofrenic’ policy

  8. The EU Foreign Policy ComplexInstitutionalSettingEUFP as the result of interactions and linkagesbetween EU and nationallevels in EuropeanForeign Policy making • MemberStates • The Commission and itsPresident • The EuropeanParliament • HR/Commission’s VP • EEAS A principal-agent framework, Furness 2013

  9. Betweenold and new debates The EU Capability-Expectations Gap (Hill, 1993; Helwig, 2013)

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