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BACTERIAL DISEASE

This guide covers the essentials of bacterial and viral diseases affecting plants, detailing the characteristics of pathogens such as Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and various viruses. Gain insights into their life cycles, infection methods, and symptoms, including the notable "scorched" branches of fire blight and the severe impact of Citrus Greening Disease. Control measures, including the use of resistant cultivars and proper sanitation practices, are discussed. Learn to identify symptoms like mottling and wilting for effective management of these diseases.

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BACTERIAL DISEASE

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  1. BACTERIAL DISEASE

  2. BACTERIA • Lack chlorophyll and cannot produce own food • Require 400 to 600X magnification • Flagella to swim

  3. BACTERIA PATHOGEN • Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium, and Erwinia

  4. BACTERIA LIFE CYCLE • Dormant in plant material or soil • Reproduce by mother cell dividing in half • 2 daughter cells

  5. BACTERIA • Halo around bacterial leaf spot

  6. BACTERIA INFECTION • Do not produce spores (there are exceptions) • Pathogen appears as ooze

  7. BACTERIA INFECTION • Enter plant through natural openings or wounds

  8. BACTERIA CONTROL • Prevent injuries and introduction • Copper containing fungicides • Bordeaux mixture (Copper sulfate and lime) • Kocide

  9. FIRE BLIGHT HOST: Rose family (pear, apples, quince…) • Bradford pear

  10. FIRE BLIGHT SYMPTOMS • "Scorched" branches • Shepherd’s crook

  11. FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION • Enter through flowers • "Ooze" at cankers

  12. FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL • Resistant cultivars • Pruning and sanitizing

  13. Fire Blight

  14. Fire Blight

  15. Fire Blight

  16. Fire Blight

  17. Bacterial Leaf Spot • Ivy

  18. VIRUS

  19. VIRUS • True obligate parasites • Outside living cells act like chemical substances • Cannot be cultured on artificial media • Virions: virus particles, seen only with a electron microscope

  20. VIRUS SYMPTOMS • Mosaic / mottling • Loss of vigor • Distorted growth

  21. VIRUS INFECTION • Infected for life • Commonly transmitted by insects • Thrips…

  22. VIRUS

  23. VIRUS INFECTION • Rarely kill plant in short amount of time • Predispose plants

  24. VIRUS CONTROL • Avoid transmitting by plant parts • Reduce vectors • Resistance

  25. Citrus Greening Disease • Severe damage to citrus industry

  26. Citrus Greening Disease • Vectored by Asian citrus psyllid

  27. Citrus Greening Disease • Fruit inedible and juice undrinkable

  28. CAMELLIA YELLOW MOTTLE SYMPTOMS • Sporadic leaves and flowers • Not stable year to year • Flowers lose color, variegated

  29. CAMELLIA YELLOW MOTTLE CONTROL • Avoid contaminated stock • Remove plant, if undesirable

  30. Canna Virus • Vein streaking • Weakened plants • Lack of flowering

  31. Canna Virus • Aphids suspected vector • No resistant varieties

  32. Nonviral Variegation • Genetic mutation is heritable • Some cells stop producing chlorophyll

  33. Viral Variegation

  34. Firepower Nandina • Propagated in South Carolina • Infected with two viruses • Cucumber mosaic virus • Nandina mosaic virus

  35. Hosta Virus

  36. Hosta Virus

  37. NEMATODES

  38. NEMATODES • Unsegmented roundworms • Can be found in every form of plant and animal • Most are considered beneficial

  39. NEMATODES SPECIES • Sting, Root knot, Cyst, and others

  40. NEMATODES SPECIES • There are beneficial species attacking insects

  41. NEMATODES SYMPTOMS • Stunting • Yellowing • Wilting • Stubby roots

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