THE SURPRISING ALL-NATURAL TOXINS IN PLANT FOODS

1. THE SURPRISING ALL-NATURAL TOXINS IN PLANT FOODS Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCNWise Traditions 2009 

2. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Beans • Grains • Nuts • Seeds

3. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Nightshade Vegetables • Onions and Garlic • Beets, Turnips, Rutabagas • Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts • Sweet potatoes

4. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Lettuce • Spinach • Alfalfa and Clover

5. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Apples • Strawberries • Grapes

6. PROTEASE INHIBITORS SOYBEANS • More Numerous • More Resistant to Neutralization

7. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Ivy League Rats at Cornell University • The Role of Coprophagy in the Prevention of Trypsin Inhibitor Induced Amino Acid Deficiencies

8. THE EVOLUTION OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Defense against microbes, insects and mammals • Protection from premature sprouting

9. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Two Main Types 1. Kunitz 2. Bowman-Birk

10. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Hot, but Not Always Uninhibited • The Effect of Heat, Cooking and other Processes

11. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Balancing Act • Too Much Cooking vs. Not Enough

12. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • No Rest for the Weary Pancreas • Hypertrophy • Hyperplasia

13. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Pancreatic Cancer • #4 Cause of Cancer Deaths Patrick Swayze Randy Pausch, a professor at Carnegie Mellon

14. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • ADDING IT UP • Soy Formula Fed Infants • Vegetarians and Vegans

15. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • Industry “Tryping” • Selling Trypsin Inhibitors for Cancer Prevention

16. PROTEASE INHIBITORS • “Soybean trypsin inhibitors do in fact pose a potential risk to humans when soy protein is incorporated into the diet.” • Irvin E. Liener, PhD, Letter to FDA,1998

17. Phytates Beans Grains Seeds

18. PHYTATES Two Primary Functions:    1. Prevent Premature Germination    2. Storage  of Phosphorous

19. PHYTATES • Main Benefit to Humans • Safe seed storage over the winter Risks to Human • Bind needed minerals such as calcium, zinc and iron

20. Phytates – Developing World • Phytates are the leading cause of: • Poor growth • Rickets • Anemia ("iron poor blood") • Immune system breakdown

21. Phytates • HEALTH BENEFITS FOR OMNIVORES • Bind heavy metals such as cadmium • Bind toxic levels of iron

22. Phytates • Spring Detoxification • Unleavened bread before Passover

23. Phytates • PHY FUTURES • Chelators of excess iron • Antioxidants • Cancer fighting

24. LECTINS • GLUTENS FOR PUNISHMENT Proteins with a Sweet Tooth • Agglutinate blood -- Glue It Up • Clotting

25. LECTINS Beans Grains Other foods

26. Lectins • React with carbohydrate component of cell membranes • Cell injuries and deaths • Gastrointestinal distress • Immune System Breakdown

27. Lectins • IN  SOYBEANS • Symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria • Fix nitrogen in the roots of soybean plant • Soybeans excellent for fertilization and crop rotation

28. Lectins • Largely deactivated by enzymes and cooking • Negative findings from uncooked soyfoods and animal feed • Problems with processing

29. Lectins • Potential problem from: • High levels "on occasion“ • Low levels eaten in large quantities on a regular basis

30. Lectins • Resist breakdown by digestive enzymes 60%  remain  biologically active and immunologically intact • Bind to villi and crypt cells of the small intestine • Interfere with hormone and growth factor signaling • Contribute to unfavorable gut flora

31. Lectins • “Leaky Gut Syndrome“ • Digestive Distress • Allergies • Immune system breakdown

32. Lectins • Most studies carried out on the highly toxic kidney bean lectin

33. Lectins • Lectins and Your Blood Type • Eat Right 4 Your Type by Peter J. D'Adamo  (1996) • Why the theory is a little "sticky" • Why many people nonetheless benefit from the blood type diets

34. Lectins • GMO Foods • The research of Dr. Arpad Pusztai

35. "Lectins can have serious consequences for growth and health."                         -----Arpad Pusztai, PhD

36. Saponins • Soap in Your Mouth • Compounds in plant foods that foam up like soap suds in water and break down red blood cells

37. Saponins • New uses: • Alfalfa saponins to decrease root rot • Soy saponins as natural herbicides

38. Saponins • In mammals linked to: • Poor growth • Bloat • Damage to lining of intestines But findings are not consistent

39. Saponins • Bind w/ cholesterol • Injuries result in "leaky gut" • Break down red blood cells – hemolysis • Damage digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin • May be goitrogenic

40. Saponins • The Marketing of Saponins  • A Squeaky Clean New Image and a Promising Pharmaceutical Future • Saponins "prevent"  heart disease by lowering cholesterol • Saponins "prevent"  cancer by binding bile acids

41. OXALATES  -- CASTING STONES • Indigestible compounds in foods that prevent the proper absorption of calcium. 

42. FOODS HIGH IN OXALATES • Best known foods are Spinach  and Rhubarb

43. OTHER FOODS HIGH IN OXALATES • Chocolate • Peanuts • Soy

44. Oxalates • Not significantly neutralized by cooking • Linked to:  • kidney stones • vulvodynia

45. OLIGOSACCHARIDES THE FLATULENCE FACTOR

46. OLIGOSACCHARIDES • The pesky twins • Raffinose • Stachyose Require the enzyme alpha-galactosidase for proper digestion

47. "Beans, beans, the musical fruit"

48. Gas producing veggies

49. FOR MANY YEARS A BOOMING RESEARCH INDUSTRY Some Typical Research Study Titles "Flavor and flatulence factors in soybean protein products." "Effects of various soybean products on flatulence in the adult man""Development of a technique for the in vivo assessment of flatulence in dogs."

50. TEST SUBJECTS