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Reproductive System

Reproductive System. Michelle Boyken Margaret Huffines Devan Daugherty Alyssa Henson. What Is Reproduction?. The natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated Purpose is to ensure the survival of species and pass on our own genetic identity.

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Reproductive System

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  1. Reproductive System Michelle Boyken Margaret Huffines Devan Daugherty Alyssa Henson

  2. What Is Reproduction? • The natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated • Purpose is to ensure the survival of species and pass on our own genetic identity

  3. Types of Reproduction Asexual Sexual • creation of offspring from a single person • does not involve the joining of gametes • involves the joining of gametes • allows a person to be unique with their own special characteristics and traits

  4. Types of Fertilization Internal External • Sperm fertilizes egg within the female • Oviparity- egg laid outside the female body • ovoviparity- egg is held within the female • viviparity- development within the female is followed by live birth • Release of both sperm and eggs into an external environment • sperm will fertilize the egg outside of the organism

  5. Female Anatomy • Fallopian tube- tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus • carry eggs from ovaries to uterus for fertilization • Ovaries- small, oval-shaped glands on both sides of uterus. • produce eggs and hormones • Uterus (womb)- home for developing fetus • Vagina- canal that joins cervix to the outside of the body. • Also called the birth canal

  6. Female Anatomy Cont. • Cervix- narrow necklike passage forming the lower end of the uterus • Myometrium- the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus • Endometrium- mucous membrane lining the uterus. • thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo

  7. Male Anatomy • Penis- male organ for sexual intercourse. • Scrotum- loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. • Testicles- oval organs that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called spermatic cord. • Urethra- tube that carries urine from bladder to the outside of the body

  8. Meiosis • special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi • Number of sets of chromosomes undergoing meiosis is ½ the original # • 2 sets- diploid and haploid • Cells produced by meiosis are gametes • called sperm in males; egg cells in females • B/c meiosis halved the # of sets of chromosomes, when the 2 gametes fuse during fertilization, # of sets of chromosomes in resulting zygote is restored to original #

  9. Reproductive Cycles Menstrual Estrous • Humans & Primates • prepares and releases the egg for fertilization • prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg • can be sexually active even when not ovulating • Other mammals • no menstruating • usually lasts until death • sometimes have bloody discharge mistaken for menstruation • usually only sexually active during estrous phase of their cycle

  10. Terms • Regeneration: • growth of lost or destroyed parts or organs • Parthenogenesis: • a type of reproduction, occurring in some insects and flowers, in which the unfertilized ovum develops directly into a new individual • Hermaphroditism: • an individual animal or flower that has both male and female reproductive organs • Peromone: • chemical that is secreted by an animal, especially an insect, and that influences the behavior or development of others of the same species

  11. Spermatheca • holding place in females for sperm • allows females to produce offspring when it’s best for them and without needed to mate at that moment • allows the female to choose the sperm she prefers for the characteristics she desires • makes reproducing easier when organisms are scattered across an environment

  12. Embryos • An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development • Eutherian mammals: • embryo of placental mammal develops in the mother’s uterus for longer gestational period than the embryo of a marsupial • Marsupial: • born sooner than a placental mammal • less developed than a placental mammal • newborn marsupial must continue its development in a mother’s pouch

  13. Importance of Mammary Glands • Produce the mother’s milk to nurture their young (breasts) • the children need their mother’s milk to survive until they are able to eat the typical food their species consumes

  14. Vasocongestion and Myotonia Vasocongestion Myotonia • filling of a tissue with blood • increased muscle tension • Vasocongestion and myotonia occurring in men causes erections • In women, external changes cause clitoris to become erect by vasocongestion. Nipples become erect because of myotonia.

  15. Foreign Body • A woman’s body doesn’t reject an embryo as a foreign body • The pathway required for the immune system to attack the embryo is shut off

  16. Characteristics of Semen That Help In Survival • Inside of vagina is very acidic and hostile • Seminal Plasma- • contains organic & inorganic substances • provides nutrients & protection as semen travels through female • alkaline bases in seminal plasma are what counteracts and compensates for the acids inside the vagina • Bulb urethral Glands- creates a less vicious channel for sperm cells to swim through • also contributes to the texture of semen

  17. QUIZ TIME!!! :D

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