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Atoms and the Periodic Table

Discover the fundamental components of matter with this comprehensive guide to atoms and the periodic table. Learn about the different subatomic particles, elements, isotopes, and the arrangement of the periodic table. Explore the key contributions of Dmitri Mendeleev, Joseph Priestley, and Ernest Rutherford. Understand important concepts like atomic number, atomic mass, nuclear fusion, and periodic table trends. Gain insights into the properties and characteristics of different elements.

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Atoms and the Periodic Table

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  1. Atoms and the Periodic Table

  2. What is an Atom? • Atom • Building blocks of all matter • Made of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

  3. Protons - Positively charged particles located in the nucleus • Neutrons - Neutral particles located in the Nucleus • Nucleus - The center of the atom where all the atomic mass is

  4. Electrons - Negativelycharged particles with almost no mass that move around the nucleus • Electron Cloud - The space surrounding the nucleus in which electrons are most likely found.

  5. Isotope • An atom that has a constant atomic number but differing atomic masses, giving the atom differing numbers of neutrons

  6. Subatomic Particles • These are the individual protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom

  7. Element. A pure substance made of only one kind of atom • Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number

  8. Plasma • State of matter that consists of a gas like mixture of free electrons and nuclei of atoms that have been stripped of their electrons

  9. The Periodic Table • There were three (3) key people that contributed to the elements, atoms and the periodic table. • Dimitri Mendeleeve • put the first periodic table together based on increased atomic mass

  10. Joseph Priestly • credited with the discovery of oxygen (candle in the jar) • Earnest Rutherford • was credited with the discovery of the nucleus

  11. The periodic table is an arrangement of all the elements in order of increasing atomic number

  12. Each element on the periodic table has specific properties and information

  13. Chemical symbol All start with a capital letter. NO EXCEPTIONS • If there is a two letter symbol, the second letter is ALWAYS lower case

  14. Atomic Number • The number of protons in an atom • The number of electrons in an atom • The order in which the periodic table is arranged.

  15. Atomic Mass • The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons

  16. Nuclear Fusion • Process in which two atomic nuclei combine and form a larger nucleus

  17. Periodic table trends • Period • The rows of the periodic table 1-7 • Group • The columns of the periodic table. Some have specific names

  18. Group 1 Alkali Metals • Group 2 Alkali Earth Metals • Group 17 Halogens • Group 18 Noble Gasses

  19. Alkali Metals • React with other elements by losing, or giving up, one electron • Always found combined with other elements in nature

  20. Alkali Earth Metals • Good conductors of electricity • React by losing two electrons • Always found combined with other elements in nature

  21. Halogens • Group 17 • These are all salt forming • Typically gain or share one electron. • Often found in bonds with Group 1 elements

  22. Noble gasses • Group 18 elements • Not usually found in compounds • Have a full valence shell of electrons

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