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Atoms and the Periodic Table

Atoms and the Periodic Table. Chapter 4 Study Guide. Section 1 – Atomic Structure. Definitions. Nucleus:. The central region of an atom which contains protons and neutrons and has a positive charge. Proton:. A sub-atomic particle with positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Atoms and the Periodic Table

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  1. Atoms and the Periodic Table Chapter 4 Study Guide

  2. Section 1 – Atomic Structure

  3. Definitions

  4. Nucleus: • The central region of an atom which contains protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.

  5. Proton: • A sub-atomic particle with positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

  6. Neutron: • A sub-atomic particle with neutral charge (or no charge) found in the nucleus of an atom.

  7. Electron: • A sub-atomic particle with negative charge found in the area outside the nucleus of an atom.

  8. Orbital: • A region outside the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

  9. Valence Electron: • One or more electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

  10. Objective 1:Explain Dalton’s theory, and describe why it was more successful than Democritus’s theory

  11. (1) List the statements that arepart of Dalton's atomic theory: • a. Atoms make up molecules. • b. Atoms of an element are alike. • c. Atoms make up elements.

  12. Objective 1 • (2) Dalton’s atomic theory was accepted because there was evidence to support it.

  13. Objective 1 • (3) According to John Dalton’s theory, atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

  14. Objective 1 • (4) The word atom comes from a Greek word that means “unable to be divided.”

  15. Objective 1 • (5) The first person who suggested that matter was made up of atoms was the Greek philosopher Democritus.

  16. Objective 1 • (6) Dalton’s atomic theory was more successful than Democritus's theory because it had a scientific basis.

  17. Objective 1 • (7) Dalton’s atomic theory stated that every element was made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, and atoms can join to form molecules.

  18. Objective 1 • (8) Two or more atoms may join together to form molecules.

  19. Objective 1 • (9) Substances that are made of the same type of atoms are known as elements.

  20. Questions?

  21. Objective 2:State the charge, mass, and location of each part of an atom according to the modern model of the atom.

  22. Objective 2 • (10) The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.

  23. Objective 2 • (11) The charge of an electron is -1. The charge of a proton is +1. The charge of a neutron is 0.

  24. Objective 2 • (12) Atoms have no electric charge because they have an equal number of electrons and protons.

  25. Objective 2 • (13) The nucleus of an atom has a positive electric charge.

  26. Objective 2 • (14) Neutrons and protons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

  27. Objective 2 • (15) The overall charge of an atom is neutral.

  28. Questions?

  29. Objective 3: Compare and contrast Bohr’s model of the atom with the modern model of the atom.

  30. Objective 3 • (16) According to Bohr’s model of the atom, electrons behave like planets orbiting the sun.

  31. Objective 3 • (17) According to Bohr’s theory, an electron’s path around the nucleus defines its energy level.

  32. Objective 3 • (18) According to modern atomic theory, it is nearly impossible to determine an electron’s exact position or location.

  33. Objective 3 • (19) A sodium atom, which has 11 electrons, has one (1) electron in its third energy level. It has two (2) electrons in its first energy level and eight (8) electrons in the second energy level.

  34. Objective 3 • (20) Unlike the modern model of the atom, Bohr’s model states that electrons move in set paths around the nucleus of an atom.

  35. Objective 3 • (21) Bohr’s model of the atom compares electrons to planets.

  36. Objective 3 • (22) According to modern atomic theory, the exact location of an electron is uncertain.

  37. Objective 3 • (23) A region in which there is a high probability of finding an electron is called an orbital.

  38. Objective 3 • (24) Valence electrons are the negatively charged particles found in the outermost energy level of an atom.

  39. Objective 3 • (25) An area of an atom where negatively charged particles are likely to be found are called orbitals.

  40. Questions?

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