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Moderators and CREMLIN Plus

Moderators and CREMLIN Plus. Ken Andersen Neutron Instruments Division European Spallation Source ERIC 2019-04-03. The CREMLIN Project. Connecting Russian and European Measures for Large-scale Research Infrastrucures.

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Moderators and CREMLIN Plus

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  1. Moderators and CREMLIN Plus Ken Andersen Neutron Instruments Division European Spallation Source ERIC 2019-04-03

  2. The CREMLIN Project Connecting Russian and European Measures for Large-scale Research Infrastrucures • Improving and strengthening European-Russian collaboration in Research Infrastructures • Pathfinding project to identify areas and strategies for concrete collaboration • Funded by EU Horizon 2020 • 8 Work Packages over 3 years (2015-18) • WP1 Management • WP2 Exchange Platform • WP3 NICA – ion beams and heavy ion physics • WP4 PIK – neutron sources • WP5 SSRS-4 – photon science • WP6 XCELS – high power laser research • WP7 STC – lepton colliders • WP8 Communication, Dissemination, Education, Training, Innovation

  3. CREMLIN Plus Continuation of CREMLIN, including real collaborations • 3 “Dimensions” over 4 years 2020-2024 • Collaboration with Russian megascience projects (WP2-WP8) • Access (WP9) • Staff Exchange (WP10) • 10 Work Packages over 4 years • WP1 Management (0.7M€ DESY) • WP2 Collaboration with NICA (4.6M€ FAIR, JINR, U.Tübingen, WUT, Wigner) • WP3 Collaboration with PIK (4.4M€ Jülich, PNPI, LLB, ESS, ILL, BNC, HZG, TUM, JINR, SPSU, UNIMIB) • WP4 Collaboration with SSRS-4 (4.4M€ NRC KI, ESRF, DESY, INFN, E-XFEL) • WP5 Collaboration with SCT (2.4M€ BINP, CERN, INFN, LAL Orsay, IJS, U.Giessen, IHEP) • WP6 Collaboration with XCELS (1.3M€ IAP, CEA, ELI-DC, LASERlab) • WP7 Horizontal activities: Joint developments (1.3M€ IPHC, FAIR, JINR, U.Frankfurt/M, CERN, DESY, BINP, KINR) • WP8 Access of EU scientists to Russian research infrastructures (2.3M€ ICISTE, DESY, NUST MISIS, NRC KI) • WP9 Human Resources development (3.0M€ UNIMIB, NUST MISIS) • WP10 Dissemination and Outreach (0.4M€ DESY)

  4. CREMLIN Plus Tasks in Work Package 3 • Task 3.1 High-brilliance cold neutron source (FZJ, NCRKI-PNPI, MTA EK) • Design of PIK 2nd cold neutron source for installation in 2024 • Implement ESS moderator developments • Task 3.2 Bi-spectral neutron extraction system (FZJ, NCRKI-PNPI, MTA EK) • Design bi-spectral beam extraction and guide system for 2nd cold source • Task 3.3 Development of advanced Very Cold Neutron (VCN) source (ILL, NRC KI-PNPI, JINR, PTI, UCA, UNIMIB, ESS) • Development of VCN moderator and reflector materials • Development of modelling tools • Design, construction and test of prototype at ILL/JINR • Task 3.4 General blueprint for instrumentation at PIK (NRCKI-PNPI, FZJ, TUM, HZG, CEA-LLB) • Design of new Russian and German instruments, including integration with moderators, beam extraction and guides

  5. CREMLIN Plus Tasks in Work Package 3 • Task 3.5 Prototype of advanced polarized neutron diffractometer for PIK (CEA-LLB, NRCKI-PNPI) • Design and construct working prototype single-crystal diffractometer at PIK • Task 3.6 Establishing the scientific infrastructure at ICNR (NRCKI-PNPI, FZJ) • Management and organisation of science programme at PIK • Set up SAC, and instrument and technical subcommittees • Task 3.7 Instrument-specific education and training programs for engineers and scientists (NRCKI-PNPI, FZJ, SPSU, HZG, TUM, CEA-LLB, ILL, MTA EK, ESS) • Training young Russian engineers and scientists in workshops, schools, training courses • Task 3.8 User System (TUM, NRCKI-PNPI, JINR, ILL) • Establishing international user access • Task 3.9 Support strategic coordination of PIK (NRCKI-PNPI, FZJ, JINR, PTI, SPSU, HZG, TUM, CEA-LLB, ILL, UCA, MTA EK, UNIMIB, ESS) • Support PIK project management and coordination

  6. Task 3.3 VCN Developments Task plan ESS ILL JINR ILL JINR CF PTI ILL JINR ILL JINR

  7. ESS Target

  8. ESS Moderators

  9. ESS Moderators Moderator: slows down fast neutrons – converts them from fast neutrons to slow neutrons Possible VCN converters: liquid hydrogen, solid deuterium, deuterated methane, oxygen clathrates Reflector: reflects slow and intermediate neutrons back into the moderator – maximises escape through the viewed surface Possible VCN reflectors: diamond nanoparticles, intercalated graphite

  10. ESS moderators thermal cold

  11. ESS moderators thermal cold very cold

  12. ESS moderators thermal cold very cold Development needs: VCN moderator materials VCN reflector materials

  13. Diamond nanoparticles as neutron reflectors Cold neutron reflector(E<5·10-3eV) • Small scattering probability • Small scattering angle • Deep penetration • Possible to have an efficient reflectoronly at glancing angle of neutron incidence 1n0 Very cold neutron reflector(E<10-4eV) • Large scattering probability • Large scattering angle • Small penetration • Possible to have an efficient reflector at any incident angle 1n0 1n0 Courtesy E.V. Lychagin et al.

  14. Diamond Nanoparticles Theory Experiment Supermirror Graphite Fermi potential Neutron Reflectors Courtesy E.V. Lychagin et al.

  15. Diamond Nanoparticles Theory Experiment Supermirror Graphite Fermi potential Neutron Reflectors Courtesy E.V. Lychagin et al.

  16. Diamond Nanoparticles Theory Experiment Supermirror Graphite Fermi potential Neutron Reflectors Courtesy E.V. Lychagin et al.

  17. Experiment Supermirror Graphite Fermi potential Neutron Reflectors Intercalated Graphite Courtesy E.V. Lychagin et al.

  18. Experiment Supermirror Graphite Fermi potential Neutron Reflectors Intercalated Graphite CREMLIN Plus development Courtesy E.V. Lychagin et al.

  19. Cut through target station Beamport S11: perpendicular to proton beam

  20. Cut through target station Beamport N5: FREIA

  21. Envelope for inner shielding sector focal point R=2000 TCL 197 152 137 122 77 TCS 0 -77 -122 -360 -360 MR plug all coordinates in TCS

  22. ESS Moderators

  23. ESS Moderators ?

  24. ESS Moderators • Dedicated moderator for single beamline • Directional • n-nbar • General-purpose moderator available to all • Favour area-integrated brightness • Up to 240 mm viewable height • VCN source • UCN source ?

  25. Long-term interest for ESS Part of upgrade plan • Upgrade plan for ESS • More instruments on the main target station (rather than new target station) • When we have reached nominal performance (22 instruments and 5 MW): >2030 • Moderator-Reflector plug will anyway need replacement every ~2 years @5MW • An optimised VCN source in the lower moderator position? • Intensity gains of factor ~10 for neutrons around 10 Å or more • Small-angle neutron scattering (better versions of LOKI and SKADI) • Neutron spin-echo: huge increases in energy resolution • Particle physics: neutron lifetime, neutron EDM, dark matter, …

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