Bio 9C: Monday, 5.16.11 Title: Introduction to Watersheds

1. Bio 9C: Monday, 5.16.11 Title: Introduction to Watersheds • Homework: • Complete the “Design a Town” Analysis Questions • Read pgs. 74-75 in the textbook. In your notebook, answer the questions on the back of the assignment sheet. • Do Now(s): • We are beginning our last unit of the year: Ecology/Environmental Science. • In your notebook, write down anything you KNOW or WANT TO KNOW about these topics. • Today’s Objective: • Design a town along a river with specific features and elements.

2. Design A Town • Build your Town along a river • The town needs to have the following elements: • Roads • Factory • Shopping Mall • Housing/ Apartment Development (places people live) • Businesses • Farm • Sewage Treatment Plant • Forest • Outside Swimming Area (pond, lake, swimming hole) • In your notebooks respond to the following: • Why did you put these elements where you did? • Was there disagreement among the team about where to put these things? Why? Explain

3. Examples of your town’s features/ elements Factory Power Plant Mall Farm Places People Live Sewer Treatment Plant

4. Bio 9C: Tuesday, 5.17.11 Title: Introduction to Watersheds • Homework: • Complete the “Design a Town” Analysis Questions • Read pgs. 74-75 in the textbook. In your notebook, answer the questions on the back of the assignment sheet. • Do Now(s): • Get into your groups from yesterday. • Today’s Objective: • Design a town along a river with specific features and elements.

5. Design A Town • Build your Town along a river • The town needs to have the following elements: • Roads • Factory • Shopping Mall • Housing/ Apartment Development (places people live) • Businesses • Farm • Sewage Treatment Plant • Forest • Outside Swimming Area (pond, lake, swimming hole) • In your notebooks respond to the following: • Why did you put these elements where you did? • Was there disagreement among the team about where to put these things? Why? Explain

6. Examples of your town’s features/ elements Factory Power Plant Mall Farm Places People Live Sewer Treatment Plant

7. Design A Town Wrap-up • Now that all of the towns are put together, what trends do you notice about the how teams planned their towns? • Which seem to be the best town designs? Why? • What are some issues that could arise between neighboring towns?

8. Bio 9B: Thursday, 5.18.11 Title: Ecosystems & Nutrient Cycles Day 1: Water Cycle & Watersheds • Homework: • Read the top of page 76 (Nutrient Cycles but not Carbon Cycle) and pages 78-80. • In your notebook, answer the questions on the back of assignment sheet • No HW tonight if you already did this  • Good Luck on Exhibition Night!!! • Do Now(s): • What do you think a “watershed” is? Even if you’ve never heard the word before, write down anything that comes to mind when you hear the word “watershed.” • Today’s Objectives: • Describe the major stages of the water cycle and the 3 phases of water. • Identify the criteria for a watershed.

9. Ecology: Ecosystems & Nutrient Cycles PHA Biology 2009 Moretti/ Dickson

10. Ecosystems & Nutrient Cycles Ecosystem – a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, plus the non-living components of their environment Nutrient – a chemical substance needed for life • Made of the 6 common elements in living things (CHNOPS) • Ex: Water, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen Nutrients cycle through ecosystems – they aren’t created or destroyed, just transformed and recycled!

11. The Water Cycle

12. The Water Cycle • Water moves through ecosystems by… • Precipitation • Run-off (over the land) • Infiltration/seepage (soaks into ground) • Evaporation • Transpiration (evaporation through plants/trees) • Condensation • Precipitation & run-off can carry other nutrients, sediments (soil particles) and pollutants with it • These things build up as water flows downstream (think back to Design a Town)

13. Watershed - An area of land that drains to reach a particular body of water (River, Stream, Lake, Pond, Ocean, etc.)

14. http://www.recycleworks.org/images/watershed_800.jpg

15. Watershed Demo • In which direction(s) does water flow? • How many separate watersheds are there? • What forms the boundaries between different watersheds? • How do different land surfaces and topography affect water movement?

16. Watershed - • An area of land that drains to reach a particular body of water (River, Stream, Lake, Pond, Ocean, etc.) • Watershed Boundaries = Hills & Mountains • They direct the path of water movement • The speed of water movement is affected by topography and land surfaces • Watersheds are usually named after the main body of water in the watershed (Ex: Charles River watershed = all land that drains into the Charles) • They vary in size • Every large watershed is composed of many smaller watersheds • MA has 28 Distinct Watersheds that feed 6 River Basins • Wherever you are…you are in a watershed!

17. Mississippi Watershed Image: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-177/basnmap.gif

18. Rocky Mountains Appalachians

19. Our Immediate Watershed: • The Charles River • 80 miles long • Flows directly through 23 towns and cities in eastern Massachusetts • 35 towns and citiescomprise the Charles River watershed. • Begins at Echo Lake in Hopkinton and ends in the Boston Harbor. • 20 Dams along its length • The Charles River drains an area 308 square miles (its watershed).  • There are 20 species of fish found in the Charles River Info and Image: http://www.crwa.org/watershed.html

20. What does the landscape look like? Hopkinton, MA Image: http://www.mass.gov/envir/smart_growth_toolkit/images/hopkinton-loc.gif http://farm1.static.flickr.com/86/276761075_791fa7d454.jpg?v=0

21. Getting Closer to home… Image: http://esplanadeassociation.org/park/images/CRWABasinMap_000.jpg

22. What does the landscape look like? Cambridge, MA http://www.skypic.com/sports/1-5382.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/0/05/20070902101525!Cambridge_ma_highlight.png http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/11/11.001j/f01/lectureimages/13/13002.JPG

23. Human Impacts on Watershed Dynamics

24. Mini-Lab: Human Impacts on Watershed Dynamics • In this lab we will explore how different land surfaces affect the flow of water. • You will be in groups of 4 (the people sitting at your table) • Divide into the following 4 Jobs for Group Members: • Facilitator - Read the instructions aloud to the group. • Task manager - Make sure everyone is doing their jobs and staying on task. • Rainman (or woman) - When instructed by the facilitator, using the water bottle to create rain on the hill. • Landscape Developer - When instructed by the facilitator, make changes in the landscape. • Facilitator: • Read the instructions to facilitate the completion of the lab. • Make sure everyone is making observations as they move through the lab. • Everyone: • Complete the Analysis Questions at the end of the lab.