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Undertaking reforms: The roadmap to better service delivery

Undertaking reforms: The roadmap to better service delivery. Dennis D. Mwanza, Water Utility Partnership for capacity building in Africa. Challenge of WSS/MDGs in Africa.

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Undertaking reforms: The roadmap to better service delivery

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  1. Undertaking reforms: The roadmap to better service delivery Dennis D. Mwanza, Water Utility Partnership for capacity building in Africa

  2. Challenge of WSS/MDGs in Africa • Scale: Service 350m people in Africa, double water (15-30 m/p/yr), triple sanitation (10-30 m/p/yr). Huge investment ($23bn) • Sanitation is greatest challenge • Slum services - now 56% of Africa’s population and increasing at 6% • Rehab/maint. backlog

  3. Problems of urban areas…… • Most cities urbanising at alarming rates (4 to 6% per year) most of them poor • Mushrooming of informal settlements now accounting for 40 – 70% of pop. • Characteristics of the informal settlements: • Inadequate access to Water and Sanitation • Poor housing structures, roads, communication facilities • High mortality rates • Decline economic performance in many cities

  4. Utilities not delivering (?) • Most public utilities not meeting demand especially the urban poor • Even with decades of Investments in urban water supply and sanitation • Why are utilities not delivering?

  5. Utilities not delivering (?) • Poor choices of sectoral policies, institutional arrangements regulatory frameworks • Tariff levels not covering costs • Subsidies (where they exist) not working for the benefit of the poor • Utility inefficiencies as evidenced by high UFW, poor account collections, shortage of motivated and highly skilled personnel

  6. Unaccounted for water of Sample Utilities

  7. Low cost recovery……..

  8. The ROADMAP • Initiating reforms –Guiding principles • Degree of independence of public utility • Financial situation of the sector • Size of the utility/Country –single or multi-sector utility –Casablanca, Benin, CAR • Investments requirements • Staffing and Human resources –move with the labour movement • Availability of reliable information

  9. KEY STEPS • Strategic assessment of WSS Sector • Political commitment • Establishment of a reform Task Force/Secretariat • Development of financial model for the sector • Communication and concensus building • Define reform objectives

  10. Institutional arrangements Policy Regulation Investment Central Govt Public Municipality Actual provision Public Utility Management Private Lease Concession

  11. Institutional structures in ESAR • Policy making –Government Ministry responsible for Water • Separation of Water Resources Management and Water Supply Operations (Cote d’Ivoire, Zambia, SA given the responsibility to LA, Tanzania decentralised but through MWLD) • Central Africa –common –Min of Water deals with both

  12. Institutional Structures…… Regulation: • Zambia and Mozambique with Statutory single sector regulatory bodies. Ghana, Mali –Water and electrcty–Some are in the process of establishing incl. Tanzania, Kenya • Others use Govt Depts, AHC (Sen, Niger) • Clearly any reform programme should result in establishment of regulatory mechanism –Independence, expertise, accountability, transparency, autonomy, consider interests of stakeholders • All must be regulated –Public sector as well as Private sector

  13. Provision of services…..who manages? • Government Department/Ministry –Not in major urban cities • Local Authorities –Zimb, Kenya, Zamb, SA –not common in Francophone but being considered in Cote d’Ivoire, Benin • Public (Parastatal) Companies –the case in most Countries –two types: • Formed by Central Govt (common in West Africa, Madag, Mauri, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi) • Formed by Decentralised units –Zambia (CUs), Tanzania (UWSAs), SA, Morocco (Regies autonomes)

  14. Examples of PSP arrangements • Concession: Cote d’Ivoire (2007), Congo (B), Gabon, Morocco (Casa), Cape verde (50 yr concession contract), Mali • Lease: Senegal, Niger, Mozambique, SA • Management Contract: CAR, AHC, SA • Service Contract: Kampala,

  15. THE CHALLENGE REFORM • Not ready to use institutional option • Wide variety of options exist • A CLEAR TRANSPARENT SYSTEM • Reform must benefit all especially the urban poor. • Reform must be clearly understood as targetting performance improvement, increasing accessibility and not synonymous with

  16. Thank you for your attention

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