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Nutrient Management in Mixed Specie Pastures for GOATS

Nutrient Management in Mixed Specie Pastures for GOATS. An Peischel Small Ruminant Specialist (Goats) Cooperative Extension Service Tennessee State University and University of Tennessee Phone: 615-963-5539. Sustainability through Biodiversity. Persists over generations Flexible

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Nutrient Management in Mixed Specie Pastures for GOATS

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  1. Nutrient Management in Mixed Specie Pastures for GOATS An Peischel Small Ruminant Specialist (Goats) Cooperative Extension Service Tennessee State University and University of Tennessee Phone: 615-963-5539

  2. Sustainability through Biodiversity • Persists over generations • Flexible • Meets needs - present / future • Renewable resources used wisely • Pollution rate minimal

  3. Ecosystem Foundation Blocks • Succession • Water cycle • Mineral cycle • Energy flow

  4. Ecosystem Foundation Blocks • Succession • Change and development • Complex, stable communities • Competition, interdependence & adaptation • Water Cycle • Maximum use of rainfall • Minimize erosion • Percolation / infiltration

  5. Ecosystem Foundation Blocks • Mineral Cycle • Effective cyclic pattern • Biological soil – atmospheric interaction • Continuous decomposing plant & animal residues • Energy Flow • Carbon cycle • Keeps all processes of life functioning • Solar power • All living things depend upon plants to harvest (capture) energy from sun & convert it to a useable form

  6. Nutrition • Energy and protein levels in balance to reflect stage of • Vitamin and mineral requirements are being met production • Environment / weather • Breed • Stage of production • Quality of diet • Age and sex of goats • Body weight and body condition • Activity and exercise

  7. Forage Quality & Goat RequirementsTDN Weanling Does in Early Lactation Yearling Dry & Early Pregnant Does J-M Luginbuhl

  8. Forage Quality & Goat RequirementsPROTEIN Weanling Does in Early Lactation Yearling Dry and Early Pregnant Does J-M Luginbuhl

  9. Protein (%) J-M Luginbuhl

  10. 35 30 T N C (%) 25 20 15 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept verbina goldenrod ironweed TNC – Lipids, Sugars, Starches, Pectins

  11. Chemical composition of various plants browsed by goats (%) J-M Luginbuhl

  12. Energy Physiological Priorities • Energy has the number one effect on reproduction • Basal metabolism • Activity • Growth • Energy reserves • Pregnancy • Lactation • Energy reserves (milk fat) • Estrus cycle / Initiation of pregnancy • Hormonal • Ovulation • Excess energy reserves

  13. Quantity • Residual • Dung and urine • Grass • Browse • Fertility • Moisture • Organic Matter Behavior Soil

  14. % of Leaf Removed 40 50 60 70 80 % of Root Stoppage 0 5 50 70 100 Effects of Grazing

  15. I II III IV GROWTH RATE (# / AC / DA) Dormant WEEKS OF GROWTH

  16. Recovery time • Soil fertility • Season • Soil water • Temperature • Degree of defoliation • Time of removal • Animal specie

  17. Specie Brome Fescue Wheatgrass Orchardgrass Switchgrass Bluestem Indiangrass Month A M J J A S O Pasture Calendar

  18. Diet Preference Differences(percent of diet)

  19. Goat’s Eye • Young green leaves / stems 70 – 75% digestible 20% CP 24 – 30 hour turn over rate • Old green leaves 60 – 65% digestible 10% CP 50 hour turn over rate • Dead / brown leaves 45% digestible 6% CP 65 hour turn over rate • Mature stems 35% digestible 4% CP 72 hour turn over rate

  20. GRAZING HEIGHT, FROM SOIL SURFACE LOWER ….TO HIGHER Horse > Sheep > Cattle > Goat J-M Luginbuhl

  21. $ $ $ J-M Luginbuhl

  22. Leaf Tannin (mg/g DM) J-M Luginbuhl

  23. Experimental site after four years of grazing Goats + Cattle Control Cattle alone .. No bushes left Rosa multiflora Thumb. bushes J-M Luginbuhl Stocking rate: 1.4 acre/steer or 1.4 acre/steer + 0.7 acre/goat

  24. Recommendation: 1 to 2 goats per head of cattle J-M Luginbuhl

  25. Electric Fencing(Portable Solar Powered) - Maximize utilization of forage - Allocation based on forage quality and physical condition of goat - Manage individual or mixed plant species - Maintain healthy environment for vegetation and livestock

  26. Disease prevention • Fecal analysis • Strategic vaccinations • Hoof care • Biosecurity Health

  27. Management • Vegetation – browse, pasture, woodlands • Source alternative feedstuffs • Fencing • Health (disease prevention, foot problems, internal parasites) • Facilities • Dogs – guardian / herding • Behavior • Transportation

  28. -INTER · RELATIONSHIPS-

  29. Cooperative Extension Program Thank You

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