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This overview explores the fundamental aspects of securities regulation, emphasizing the importance of financial information disclosure for healthy capital markets. It details the definition of securities, fundamental ethical issues, and the regulatory framework established by federal laws, including the Securities Act of 1933 and the creation of the SEC. We delve into the historical context of securities law, the process of initial public offerings, exemptions from the act, and potential violations, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of how regulations shape the financial landscape.
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I. Disclosure A. Healthy capital markets based on disclosure of financial information B. Securities regulation 1. definition of security 2. ethical issues C. Federal law D. Securities are traded by exchanges E. Blue sky laws
II. History of Securities Law A. 1929 crash B. In response: C. 1933 Securities Act 1.Security is given a broad definition 2. Howey test 3. Reeves v. Ernst & Young
III. Securities & Exchange Commission A. Created under SEA of 1934 B. Companies must file a registration statement with SEC to issue securities C. Certain companies must submit periodic financial reports to SEC on secondary sales D. SEC has broad rule-making powers E. SEC investigates & enforces
IV. Securities Act of 1933 and Initial Public Offerings A.Must register securities before selling to public • Registration statement • Prospectus B. Underwriter must sell stock to a dealer before it is sold to public 1. underwriter 2. dealer
IV. Initial Public Offerings C. Filing Process 1. Pre-filing period 2. Waiting period 3. Post effective period
V. Exemptions from Securities Act of 1933 A. Transactions 1. Intrastate offerings 2. Regulation D 3. Regulation A 4. private offering
V. Exemptions B. Exempt Securities 1. government securities 2. short-term commercial paper 3. not-for-profit corporations
VI. Violations of Securities Act of 1933 A. Persons liable B. Typical violations C. Defenses D. Penalties • Criminal • Civil