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Understanding Valence Electrons and Their Role in Chemical Properties

This lesson focuses on the significance of valence electrons, their relation to groups in the periodic table, and the properties of elements within those groups. Students will engage in an interactive poster exchange to share facts about the different groups, including Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, and more. By understanding how the number of valence electrons affects element behavior, learners will grasp essential concepts of chemical reactivity and compound formation, leading to a deeper understanding of chemistry before the upcoming test.

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Understanding Valence Electrons and Their Role in Chemical Properties

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  1. DO NOW Take your poster out. Trade posters with someone and write down all the facts you can find in their poster. Objective: relate the number of valence electrons to groups in the periodic table and to the properties of elements in those groups.

  2. What is a valence electron? • An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

  3. Valence Electrons (continued) • The valence electrons play a key role in CHEMICAL REACTIONS. • Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

  4. The Alkali Metals • Group 1A • Have a single valence electron • Extremely reactive • Reactivity increases from top to bottom • Only found in nature as compounds

  5. The Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2A • Have two valence electrons • Harder than metals in 1A • Magnesium and Calcium have essential biological functions • Magnesium- is at the center of chlorophyl • Calcium- keeps your bones and teeth strong

  6. The Boron Family • Group 3A • Have 3 valence electrons • contains1 metalloid and 4 metals • ALUMINUM is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust

  7. The Carbon Family • Group 4A • Contains 4 valence electrons • Contains 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, 2 metals • Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain carbon

  8. The Nitrogen family • Group 5A • Contains 5 valence electrons • Wide range of physical properties • Fertilizers contain nitrogen and phosphorous

  9. The Oxygen Family • Group 6A • Have 6 valence electrons • 3 nonmetals 2 metalloids • Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust.

  10. The Halogens • Group 7A • Have 7 valence electrons • Despite physical differences, the halogens have similar chemical properties • Highly reactive nonmetals

  11. The Noble Gases • Group 8A • Helium has 2 valence electrons, all others have 8 • Colorless and odorless and extremely unreactive.

  12. Recap • Objective: relate the number of valence electrons to groups in the periodic table and to the properties of elements in those groups. • What do the group numbers mean in relation to valence electrons.

  13. Homework • Complete group poster • Questions 1-10 on page 153 • TEST THURSDAY!!!!

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