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Module 9: Creating Selected-Response Assessment Items. Item-writing guidelines on what to avoid for all assessment questions ( both selected- and constructed-response items): opaque directions ambiguous statements unintended clues complex syntax overly difficult vocabulary.
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Item-writing guidelines on what to avoid for all assessment questions (both selected- and constructed-response items): • opaque directions • ambiguous statements • unintended clues • complex syntax • overly difficult vocabulary
Binary-choice items • true-false items (item-writing guidelines): • Minimize negatives. • Avoid double-concept items. • Balance response categories. • Maintain item-length similarity. • Be aware of absolute and relative qualifiers. • multiple binary-choice items (item-writing guidelines; see p. 163): • Separate clusters to avoid confusion. • Coordinate response items with stimulus material (opening statement).
Multiple-choice items • stem, alternatives, and distractors • Item-writing guidelines: • Make stem long enough. • Use caution with negatively stated stems. • Attend to relative length of alternatives. • Don’t give unintended clues. • Randomly scatter correct answers among alternatives. • Avoid “all-of-the-above.” • Use “none-of-the-above” to increase item difficulty.
Matching items • premises (Column A) and responses (Column B) • Item-writing guidelines: • Use homogenous entries. • Keep lists relatively brief. • Add a few extra responses to the list. • Order responses alphabetically or chronologically. • Keep all premises and responses on the same page.
